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from mid-April

  • 1 mid

    [mɪd]
    * * *
    [mid]
    (at, or in, the middle of: a midweek football match; in mid air; a mid-air collision between two aircraft.) medio, mezzo
    * * *
    mid (1) /mɪd/
    a.
    1 medio; di mezzo; mezzo: in mid air, a mezz'aria; aereo: mid-air collision, scontro aereo; (relig.) Mid Lent, mezza quaresima
    2 ( cricket, di un ricevitore) posizionato tra il battitore e il limite del campo: mid-off, posizione (o giocatore) alla sinistra del lanciatore; mid-on, posizione (o giocatore) alla destra del lanciatore
    ● (geogr.) mid-African, centroafricano □ mid-Atlantic, (geogr.) mediatlantico; (fig.) angloamericano, metà inglese e metà americano: a mid-Atlantic accent, un accento angloamericano □ mid-August holidays, le vacanze di ferragosto (in Italia) □ (fin.) mid-cap, a media capitalizzazione ( detto di società) □ mid-century, della (o verso la) metà del secolo □ (geogr.) mid-European, medioeuropeo; mitteleuropeo □ mid-life crisis, crisi della mezza età □ mid-range, medio ( di prezzo, qualità, ecc.): a mid-range stereo system, un impianto stereo di media qualità; (mil.) a media portata (o gittata) □ ( sport) mid table, centroclassifica □ mid-term ► midterm □ (stor., letter.) mid-Victorian, (personaggio, scrittore) del periodo di mezzo dell'età vittoriana ( della Regina Vittoria: 1837-1901) □ (naut., sport) mid-water (agg. e avv.), (situato) a mezz'acqua □ from mid-April, da metà aprile □ in mid career, nel bel mezzo della carriera □ in the mid 80's, verso la metà degli anni '80 □ to be in one's mid forties, avere quarantacinque anni circa NOTA D'USO: - half o mid?-.
    mid (2) /mɪd/, 'mid /mɪd/
    prep.
    (poet.) in mezzo a; fra, tra.
    * * *
    [mɪd]

    English-Italian dictionary > mid

  • 2 a

    prep.
    1 to.
    voy a Madrid I'm going to Madrid
    me voy al extranjero I'm going abroad
    llegó a Buenos Aires/a la fiesta he arrived in Buenos Aires/at the party
    2 at (moment).
    a las siete at seven o'clock
    a los once años at the age of eleven
    al caer la noche at nightfall
    al oír la noticia se desmayó on hearing the news, she fainted
    Llegué al amanecer I arrived at dawn.
    3 per, every (frecuency).
    40 horas a la semana 40 hours per o a week
    tres veces al día three times a day
    4 to.
    dáselo a Ricardo give it to Ricardo
    dile a Ricardo que venga tell Ricardo to come
    5 to.
    entró a pagar he came in to pay
    aprender a nadar to learn to swim
    6 by, about to, for.
    * * *
    A, a
    ► nombre femenino (pl as o aes)
    1 (la letra) A, a
    ————————
    A
    1 ( Alteza) Highness; (abreviatura) H
    ————————
    A
    1 ( autopista) motorway; (abreviatura) M
    ————————
    A
    1 ( amperio) ampere, amp; (símbolo) A
    * * *
    prep.
    1) to
    2) into
    3) in
    4) at
    5) on
    6) with
    * * *
    SF = a (=letra) A, a
    * * *
    a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a
    * * *
    = for, per, to.
    Ex. The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.
    Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    ----
    * a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de = on either side of.
    * a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * a bocajarro = point blank.
    * a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.
    * a bordo = aboard, on board ship.
    * a bordo de = aboard, onboard.
    * a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * a caballo = on horseback, astride.
    * a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.
    * a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....
    * a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.
    * a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.
    * a cambio = in return.
    * a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.
    * a cambio de nada = for nothing.
    * a cántaros = cats and dogs.
    * a cargo = in the saddle.
    * a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).
    * a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.
    * a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.
    * a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.
    * a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.
    * a chorros = profusely.
    * a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.
    * a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.
    * a cierta distancia = some distance away.
    * a cierta distancia de = off.
    * a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.
    * a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.
    * a cobro revertido = reverse charges.
    * a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.
    * a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.
    * a continuación se enumeran = given below.
    * a contracorriente = against the grain.
    * a contraluz = against the light.
    * a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.
    * a coro = with one voice, in unison.
    * a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.
    * a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a costa de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a criterio de = at the discretion of.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.
    * a cuatro aguas = hipped.
    * a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.
    * a cuenta de = at the expense of.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * a cuestas = in tow.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * a demanda = pro re nata.
    * a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a diario = every day.
    * a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a dieta = on a diet.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a discreción = at will, no holds barred.
    * a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a disposición de = at the disposal of.
    * a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * a domicilio = domiciliary.
    * ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * a él = him.
    * a ellos = them.
    * a escala = drawn-to-scale.
    * a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.
    * a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.
    * a escala natural = full-scale.
    * a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.
    * a eso = thereto.
    * a espaldas de = out of sight of.
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a este paso = at this rate.
    * a este respecto = in this respect.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * a estrenar = brand new.
    * a examen = under the microscope.
    * a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.
    * a excepción de que = except that.
    * a excepción de uno = with one exception.
    * a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.
    * a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.
    * a favor = in favour.
    * a favor de = in favour of.
    * a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.
    * a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.
    * a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * a favor y en contra = pro and con.
    * a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.
    * a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.
    * a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.
    * a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * a fondo perdido = non-refundable.
    * ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.
    * a fuerza de = by dint of.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * a gas = gas-powered.
    * a gatas = on all fours.
    * a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.
    * a granel = in bulk.
    * a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a gritos = vociferously.
    * a groso modo = crudely.
    * a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.
    * a gusto = at ease, at leisure.
    * a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.
    * a horcajadas = astride.
    * a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * a instancia de = at the urging of.
    * a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.
    * a intervalos = at intervals.
    * a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.
    * a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.
    * a invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * a juicio = on trial.
    * a juicio público = in the public eye.
    * a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.
    * a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].
    * a la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * a la anochecida = at nightfall.
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * a la baja = on the wane.
    * a la brasa = grilled.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.
    * a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.
    * a la carta = a la carte.
    * a la defensiva = on the defensive.
    * a la derecha = at the right.
    * a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a la deriva = rudderless.
    * a la discreción de = at the discretion of.
    * a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.
    * a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.
    * a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.
    * a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.
    * a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.
    * a la izquierda = at the left.
    * a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.
    * a la ligera = lightly.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * a la onda = in the know.
    * a la opinión pública = in the public eye.
    * a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.
    * a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.
    * a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.
    * a la perfección = superbly.
    * a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.
    * a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.
    * a la salida = on the way out.
    * a la sazón = at that time.
    * a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.
    * a la semana = a week, per week.
    * a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.
    * a la sombra de = in the shadow of.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.
    * a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.
    * a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * a la venta = on release.
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * a la vista = in sight, within sight.
    * a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.
    * a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.
    * al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.
    * al extremo norte = northernmost.
    * al extremo oeste = westernmost.
    * al hacer esto = in doing so.
    * al norte del estado = upstate.
    * a lo extremo = to the extreme.
    * a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.
    * a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.
    * a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.
    * a lo largo de la historia = over time.
    * a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.
    * a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].
    * a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * a lo lejos = in the distance.
    * a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.
    * a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * a lo mejor = perhaps.
    * a lo que salga = come what may.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del charco = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del océano = across the pond.
    * a lo zombi = zombielike.
    * a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.
    * a mano alzada = by a show of hands.
    * a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a manojos = by the handful.
    * a manos de = at the hands of.
    * a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.
    * a mares = cats and dogs.
    * a más largo plazo = longer-term.
    * a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....
    * a más tardar = at the latest.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.
    * a mediados de = in the middle decades of.
    * a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.
    * a mediados de semana = midweek.
    * a media jornada = half-time [half time].
    * a media mañana = mid-morning.
    * a medianoche = at midnight.
    * a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.
    * a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.
    * a medida = custom, bespoke.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.
    * a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).
    * a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.
    * a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medio abrir = half-opened.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a medio comprender = half-understood.
    * a medio formar = half-formed.
    * a medio fuego = medium heat.
    * a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.
    * a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].
    * a medio rimar = half-rhymed.
    * a medio vestir = half dressed.
    * a menor escala = at a reduced rate.
    * a menos que = unless, short of.
    * a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * a merced de = at the mercy of.
    * a mí = me.
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a mi modo de ver = in my books.
    * a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.
    * a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * a mitad de precio = at half price.
    * a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.
    * a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.
    * a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.
    * a modo de advertencia = cautionary.
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de explicación = parenthetically.
    * a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.
    * a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.
    * a modo de prólogo = prefatory.
    * a modo de resumen = wrap-up.
    * a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montones = in droves, by the sackful.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * a nosotros = us.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a orillas del océano = oceanfront.
    * a orillas del río = riverfront.
    * a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.
    * a otro sitio = somewhere else.
    * a pares = in pairs.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.
    * a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.
    * a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.
    * a partir de aquí = hereupon.
    * a partir de ello = therefrom.
    * a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.
    * a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.
    * a partir de hoy = as from today.
    * a partir de la medianoche = late night.
    * a partir de los títulos = title-based.
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * a paso ligero = on the double.
    * a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].
    * a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.
    * a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.
    * a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.
    * a petición popular = by popular demand.
    * a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.
    * a pilas = battery-operated.
    * a pique = sinking.
    * a placer = at will.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a porrillo = by the handful.
    * a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.
    * a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.
    * a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.
    * a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.
    * a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.
    * a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.
    * a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.
    * a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de ganga = at a steal.
    * a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).
    * a precio reducido = at a discount.
    * a precios competitivos = competitively priced.
    * a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a precios razonables = at affordable prices.
    * a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.
    * a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.
    * a prisa = quickly.
    * a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.
    * a propósito de = apropos of.
    * a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.
    * a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.
    * a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.
    * a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.
    * a quemarropa = point blank.
    * a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.
    * a quienquiera que = whomever.
    * a rachas = by fits and starts.
    * a ráfagas = in bursts.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * a rajatabla = to the letter.
    * a ras de = flush with.
    * a ras de la calle = ground-floor.
    * a ras del suelo = at ground level.
    * a rastras = in tow.
    * a ratos = intermittently.
    * a reacción = jet-assisted.
    * a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * a remolque = in tow.
    * a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a saber = namely, viz, to wit.
    * a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].
    * a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.
    * a sacudidas = jerkily.
    * a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.
    * a sangre fría = cold-blooded.
    * a ser posible = if possible.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.
    * a sueldo = paid.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a tal efecto = to this effect.
    * a tales efectos = hereto.
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.
    * a ti = you, thee.
    * a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * a tiempo parcial = part-time.
    * a tientas = in the dark.
    * a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.
    * a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.
    * a tiro = within gunshot, within range.
    * a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a título de = by way of, for the sake of.
    * a título gratuito = gratuitous.
    * a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.
    * a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.
    * a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.
    * a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.
    * a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.
    * a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de la historia = over time.
    * a través de la TI = IT-enabled.
    * a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de los años = over the years, down the years.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * a través de los siglos = over the centuries.
    * a través del teléfono = call-in.
    * a través del tiempo = over time.
    * a través de operador = operator-assisted.
    * a tres bandas = three pronged.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a trompicones = by fits and starts.
    * a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * a trozos = piecewise.
    * ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    [b]* a últ
    * * *
    a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a
    * * *
    = for, per, to.

    Ex: The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.

    Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    * a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de = on either side of.
    * a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * a bocajarro = point blank.
    * a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.
    * a bordo = aboard, on board ship.
    * a bordo de = aboard, onboard.
    * a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * a caballo = on horseback, astride.
    * a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.
    * a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....
    * a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.
    * a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.
    * a cambio = in return.
    * a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.
    * a cambio de nada = for nothing.
    * a cántaros = cats and dogs.
    * a cargo = in the saddle.
    * a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).
    * a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.
    * a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.
    * a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.
    * a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.
    * a chorros = profusely.
    * a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.
    * a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.
    * a cierta distancia = some distance away.
    * a cierta distancia de = off.
    * a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.
    * a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.
    * a cobro revertido = reverse charges.
    * a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.
    * a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.
    * a continuación se enumeran = given below.
    * a contracorriente = against the grain.
    * a contraluz = against the light.
    * a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.
    * a coro = with one voice, in unison.
    * a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.
    * a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a costa de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a criterio de = at the discretion of.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.
    * a cuatro aguas = hipped.
    * a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.
    * a cuenta de = at the expense of.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * a cuestas = in tow.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * a demanda = pro re nata.
    * a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a diario = every day.
    * a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a dieta = on a diet.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a discreción = at will, no holds barred.
    * a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a disposición de = at the disposal of.
    * a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * a domicilio = domiciliary.
    * ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * a él = him.
    * a ellos = them.
    * a escala = drawn-to-scale.
    * a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.
    * a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.
    * a escala natural = full-scale.
    * a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.
    * a eso = thereto.
    * a espaldas de = out of sight of.
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a este paso = at this rate.
    * a este respecto = in this respect.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * a estrenar = brand new.
    * a examen = under the microscope.
    * a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.
    * a excepción de que = except that.
    * a excepción de uno = with one exception.
    * a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.
    * a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.
    * a favor = in favour.
    * a favor de = in favour of.
    * a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.
    * a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.
    * a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * a favor y en contra = pro and con.
    * a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.
    * a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.
    * a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.
    * a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * a fondo perdido = non-refundable.
    * ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.
    * a fuerza de = by dint of.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * a gas = gas-powered.
    * a gatas = on all fours.
    * a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.
    * a granel = in bulk.
    * a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a gritos = vociferously.
    * a groso modo = crudely.
    * a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.
    * a gusto = at ease, at leisure.
    * a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.
    * a horcajadas = astride.
    * a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * a instancia de = at the urging of.
    * a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.
    * a intervalos = at intervals.
    * a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.
    * a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.
    * a invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * a juicio = on trial.
    * a juicio público = in the public eye.
    * a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.
    * a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].
    * a la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * a la anochecida = at nightfall.
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * a la baja = on the wane.
    * a la brasa = grilled.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.
    * a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.
    * a la carta = a la carte.
    * a la defensiva = on the defensive.
    * a la derecha = at the right.
    * a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a la deriva = rudderless.
    * a la discreción de = at the discretion of.
    * a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.
    * a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.
    * a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.
    * a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.
    * a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.
    * a la izquierda = at the left.
    * a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.
    * a la ligera = lightly.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * a la onda = in the know.
    * a la opinión pública = in the public eye.
    * a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.
    * a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.
    * a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.
    * a la perfección = superbly.
    * a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.
    * a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.
    * a la salida = on the way out.
    * a la sazón = at that time.
    * a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.
    * a la semana = a week, per week.
    * a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.
    * a la sombra de = in the shadow of.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.
    * a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.
    * a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * a la venta = on release.
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * a la vista = in sight, within sight.
    * a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.
    * a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.
    * al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.
    * al extremo norte = northernmost.
    * al extremo oeste = westernmost.
    * al hacer esto = in doing so.
    * al norte del estado = upstate.
    * a lo extremo = to the extreme.
    * a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.
    * a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.
    * a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.
    * a lo largo de la historia = over time.
    * a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.
    * a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].
    * a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * a lo lejos = in the distance.
    * a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.
    * a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * a lo mejor = perhaps.
    * a lo que salga = come what may.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del charco = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del océano = across the pond.
    * a lo zombi = zombielike.
    * a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.
    * a mano alzada = by a show of hands.
    * a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a manojos = by the handful.
    * a manos de = at the hands of.
    * a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.
    * a mares = cats and dogs.
    * a más largo plazo = longer-term.
    * a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....
    * a más tardar = at the latest.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.
    * a mediados de = in the middle decades of.
    * a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.
    * a mediados de semana = midweek.
    * a media jornada = half-time [half time].
    * a media mañana = mid-morning.
    * a medianoche = at midnight.
    * a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.
    * a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.
    * a medida = custom, bespoke.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.
    * a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).
    * a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.
    * a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medio abrir = half-opened.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a medio comprender = half-understood.
    * a medio formar = half-formed.
    * a medio fuego = medium heat.
    * a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.
    * a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].
    * a medio rimar = half-rhymed.
    * a medio vestir = half dressed.
    * a menor escala = at a reduced rate.
    * a menos que = unless, short of.
    * a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * a merced de = at the mercy of.
    * a mí = me.
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a mi modo de ver = in my books.
    * a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.
    * a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * a mitad de precio = at half price.
    * a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.
    * a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.
    * a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.
    * a modo de advertencia = cautionary.
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de explicación = parenthetically.
    * a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.
    * a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.
    * a modo de prólogo = prefatory.
    * a modo de resumen = wrap-up.
    * a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montones = in droves, by the sackful.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * a nosotros = us.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a orillas del océano = oceanfront.
    * a orillas del río = riverfront.
    * a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.
    * a otro sitio = somewhere else.
    * a pares = in pairs.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.
    * a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.
    * a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.
    * a partir de aquí = hereupon.
    * a partir de ello = therefrom.
    * a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.
    * a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.
    * a partir de hoy = as from today.
    * a partir de la medianoche = late night.
    * a partir de los títulos = title-based.
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * a paso ligero = on the double.
    * a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].
    * a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.
    * a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.
    * a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.
    * a petición popular = by popular demand.
    * a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.
    * a pilas = battery-operated.
    * a pique = sinking.
    * a placer = at will.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a porrillo = by the handful.
    * a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.
    * a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.
    * a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.
    * a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.
    * a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.
    * a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.
    * a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.
    * a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de ganga = at a steal.
    * a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).
    * a precio reducido = at a discount.
    * a precios competitivos = competitively priced.
    * a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a precios razonables = at affordable prices.
    * a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.
    * a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.
    * a prisa = quickly.
    * a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.
    * a propósito de = apropos of.
    * a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.
    * a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.
    * a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.
    * a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.
    * a quemarropa = point blank.
    * a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.
    * a quienquiera que = whomever.
    * a rachas = by fits and starts.
    * a ráfagas = in bursts.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * a rajatabla = to the letter.
    * a ras de = flush with.
    * a ras de la calle = ground-floor.
    * a ras del suelo = at ground level.
    * a rastras = in tow.
    * a ratos = intermittently.
    * a reacción = jet-assisted.
    * a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * a remolque = in tow.
    * a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a saber = namely, viz, to wit.
    * a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].
    * a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.
    * a sacudidas = jerkily.
    * a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.
    * a sangre fría = cold-blooded.
    * a ser posible = if possible.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.
    * a sueldo = paid.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a tal efecto = to this effect.
    * a tales efectos = hereto.
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.
    * a ti = you, thee.
    * a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * a tiempo parcial = part-time.
    * a tientas = in the dark.
    * a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.
    * a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.
    * a tiro = within gunshot, within range.
    * a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a título de = by way of, for the sake of.
    * a título gratuito = gratuitous.
    * a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.
    * a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.
    * a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.
    * a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.
    * a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.
    * a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de la historia = over time.
    * a través de la TI = IT-enabled.
    * a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de los años = over the years, down the years.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * a través de los siglos = over the centuries.
    * a través del teléfono = call-in.
    * a través del tiempo = over time.
    * a través de operador = operator-assisted.
    * a tres bandas = three pronged.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a trompicones = by fits and starts.
    * a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * a trozos = piecewise.
    * ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    * a últ

    * * *
    a
    La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.
    No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan como quien, alguien, etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, pasear al perro = to walk the dog.
    En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
    A (en relaciones de espacio, lugar)
    voy a México/a la fiesta I'm going to Mexico/to the party
    voy a casa I'm going home
    dobla a la derecha turn right
    se cayó al río she fell into the river
    estaban sentados a la mesa they were sitting at the table
    a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro
    se sentó al sol he sat in the sun
    se sentó a mi derecha he sat down to the right of me o on my right
    a la vuelta de la esquina around the corner
    queda al norte de Toledo it's (to the) north of Toledo
    3
    (indicando distancia): está a diez kilómetros de aquí it's ten kilometers from here, it's ten kilometers away
    está a unos 20 minutos de aquí it takes o it's about 20 minutes from here, it's a 20 minute drive ( o walk etc) from here
    1 (señalando hora, momento, fecha) at
    abren a las ocho they open at eight o'clock
    ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?
    a eso de las dos at around o about two o'clock
    a mediados de abril in mid-April
    hoy estamos a 20 it's the 20th today
    al día siguiente the next o following day
    empezó a hablar a los diez meses he started talking when he was ten months old o at ten months
    llegó a la mañana/noche ( RPl); he arrived in the morning/at night
    2 al + INF:
    se cayó al bajar del autobús she fell as she was getting off the bus
    al verlo me di cuenta de que ya no lo quería when I saw him o on seeing him, I realized that I no longer loved him
    al salir de la estación torcí a la izquierda I turned left out of the station
    3
    (indicando distancia en el tiempo): a escasos minutos de su llegada (después) just a few minutes after she arrived; (antes) just a few minutes before she arrived
    trabajan de lunes a viernes/de una a cinco they work (from) Monday to Friday/from one to five
    a los diez minutos del primer tiempo ten minutes into the first half o after ten minutes of the first half
    estaré en París de martes a jueves I'll be in Paris from Tuesday until Thursday, I'll be in Paris Tuesday through Thursday ( AmE)
    C
    (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): tres veces al día/a la semana three times a day/a week
    sale a 2.000 euros por cabeza it works out at 2,000 euros per person
    iban a 100 kilómetros por hora they were going (at) 100 kilometers per hour
    nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us by five points to three, they beat us five three o ( AmE) five to three
    D
    (indicando modo, estilo): fuimos a pie/a caballo we walked/rode, we went on foot/on horseback
    pollo al horno/a la brasa roast/barbecued chicken
    un peinado a lo Rodolfo Valentino a Rudolph Valentino hairstyle
    a crédito on credit
    ilustraciones a todo color full-color illustrations
    una tela a rayas a piece of striped material
    1
    (introduciendo el complemento directo de persona): ¿viste a José? did you see José?
    la policía está buscando al asesino the police are looking for the murderer
    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud
    busca una secretaria bilingüe he's looking for a bilingual secretary
    ]
    2
    (introduciendo el complemento indirecto): le escribió una carta a su padre he wrote a letter to his father, he wrote his father a letter
    dáselo/dáselos a ella give it/them to her
    les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English
    suave al tacto soft to the touch
    agradable al oído pleasing to the ear
    3
    (indicando procedencia): se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o ( colloq) off a gipsy
    F
    enséñale a nadar teach him to swim
    fue a preguntar he went to ask
    a que + SUBJ:
    los instó a que participaran he urged them to take part
    voy a ir a que me hagan un chequeo I'm going to go and have a checkup
    2 ( fam)
    (para): ¿a qué tanta ceremonia? what's all the fuss for?
    ¿a qué le fuiste a decir eso? what did you go and tell him that for?
    3
    a por ( Esp fam): bajo a por pan I'm going down to get some bread o for some bread ( colloq)
    ¿quién va a ir a por los niños? who's going to fetch o get the children?
    ¡a por ello! go for it!
    los puntos a tratar en la reunión de mañana the points to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting
    es una idea a tener en cuenta it's an idea to bear in mind o that should be borne in mind
    total a pagar total payable
    horario a convenir hours to be arranged
    H
    1
    (en órdenes): ¡a la cama, niños! off to bed, children!
    ¡a callar! shut up! ( colloq)
    vamos ¡a trabajar! come on, let's get some work done!
    a decir verdad to tell you the truth
    a juzgar por lo que tú dices judging from what you say
    3 ( fam)
    (en cuanto a): a tozudo no hay quien le gane when it comes to being stubborn there's nobody like him
    4
    (indicando causa): a petición del interesado ( frml); at the request of the interested party
    al + INF:
    al no saber idiomas está en desventaja as he doesn't speak any languages he is at a disadvantage, he's at a disadvantage not speaking any languages
    5
    (expresando desafío): ¿a que no sabes qué nota me puso? you'll never guess what mark she gave me!
    tú no te atreverías — ¿a que sí? you wouldn't dare — do you want to o a bet? ( colloq)
    ¡a que no puedes! bet you can't! ( colloq)
    * * *

    Multiple Entries:
    A    
    a
    A,
    ◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

    a preposición Nota:
    La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
    1

    ◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;

    voy a casa I'm going home;
    se cayó al río she fell into the river


    a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro;
    se sentó al sol he sat in the sun;
    se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right


    2
    a) (señalando hora, momento) at;


    a la hora de comer at lunch time;
    ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?;
    a mediados de abril in mid-April;
    al día siguiente the next o following day

    ◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today

    c) al + inf:


    al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news



    ( antes) a few minutes before she arrived;

    3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia):

    sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each;
    a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour;
    nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three
    4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
    ◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;

    a crédito on credit;
    funciona a pilas it runs on batteries;
    a mano by hand;
    a rayas striped;
    vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes
    5

    ◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;

    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud


    dáselo a ella give it to her;
    les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English;
    le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door

    ◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

    A, a f (letra) A
    'A' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    a. C.
    - a.m.
    - abajeña
    - abajeño
    - abanderada
    - abanderado
    - abandonar
    - abandonada
    - abandonado
    - abanico
    - abarquillada
    - abarquillado
    - abarrotada
    - abarrotado
    - abasto
    - abatida
    - abatido
    - abatirse
    - abdicar
    - aberración
    - abertura
    - abierta
    - abierto
    - abigarrada
    - abigarrado
    - abigarrar
    - ablandar
    - ablusada
    - ablusado
    - abnegada
    - abnegado
    - abobada
    - abobado
    - abocada
    - abocado
    - abogacía
    - abogada
    - abogado
    - abombada
    - abombado
    - abonar
    - abonada
    - abonado
    - abonarse
    - abono
    - abordar
    - abordaje
    - aborregar
    - abortar
    - abortiva
    English:
    A
    - A-level
    - a.m.
    - abandon
    - abandoned
    - abide by
    - ability
    - abject
    - abnormal
    - aboard
    - aborigine
    - abortion
    - abortive
    - about
    - above
    - above-board
    - above-mentioned
    - abrasive
    - abreast
    - abridged
    - abrupt
    - absent
    - absent-minded
    - absolute
    - absolutely
    - absorbed
    - abstemious
    - abstract
    - absurd
    - abundant
    - abuse
    - abusive
    - abysmal
    - academic
    - academy
    - accede
    - accent
    - acceptable
    - access
    - accident-prone
    - accidental
    - accidentally
    - acclimatized
    - accommodate
    - accommodation
    - accomplish
    - accomplished
    - account
    - account for
    - accountable
    * * *
    A
    1. (abrev de autopista) Br M, US freeway
    2. (abrev de alfil) [en notación de ajedrez] B
    A, a [a] nf
    [letra] A, a;
    si por a o por be… if for any reason…
    * * *
    a
    prp
    al este de to the east of;
    a casa home;
    ir a la cama/al cine go to bed/to the movies;
    ¡a trabajar! get to work!;
    vamos a Buenos Aires we’re going to Buenos Aires;
    voy a casa de Marta I’m going to Marta’s (house)
    a la mesa at the table;
    al lado de next to;
    a la derecha on the right;
    al sol in the sun;
    a treinta kilómetros de Cuzco thirty kilometers from Cuzco;
    está a cinco kilómetros it’s five kilometers away
    :
    ¿a qué hora llegas? what time do you arrive?;
    a las tres at three o’clock;
    de once a doce from eleven (o’clock) to twelve;
    estamos a quince de febrero it’s February fifteenth;
    a los treinta años at the age of thirty;
    a la llegada del tren when the train arrives
    :
    a la española the Spanish way;
    a mano by hand;
    a pie on foot;
    a 50 kilómetros por hora at fifty kilometers an hour
    :
    ¿a cómo o
    cuánto está? how much is it?;
    están a dos pesos el kilo they are two pesos a kilo
    :
    dáselo a tu hermano give it to your brother
    :
    vi a mi padre I saw my father
    :
    empezar a begin to;
    jugar a las cartas play cards;
    decidirse a hacer algo decide to do sth;
    voy a comprarlo I’m going to buy it;
    a decir verdad to tell the truth
    :
    ¿a que no lo sabes? I bet you don’t know;
    a ver OK, right;
    a ver lo que pasa ahora let’s see what happens now
    abr (= alias) aka (= also known as)
    * * *
    a nf
    : first letter of the Spanish alphabet
    a prep
    1) : to
    nos vamos a México: we're going to Mexico
    ¿llamaste a tu papá?: did you call your dad?
    como a usted le guste: as you wish
    3) : in the manner of
    papas a la francesa: french fries
    4) : on, by means of
    a pie: on foot
    5) : per, each
    tres pastillas al día: three pills per day
    enséñales a leer: teach them to read
    problemas a resolver: problems to be solved
    * * *
    a prep
    3. (distancia) away
    está a un kilómetro de aquí it's one kilometre from here / it's one kilometre away
    4. (tiempo) at
    5. (distribución, cantidad, medida, precio) a / at
    tocamos a 1.000 cada uno it works out at 1,000 each
    fui a pie I walked / I went on foot
    hecho a mano handmade / made by hand
    ¿has visto a Iván? have you seen Iván?
    9. (para) for
    10. (de) from

    Spanish-English dictionary > a

  • 3 liegen

    v/i; liegt, lag, hat (südd., österr., schw.: ist) gelegen
    1. Sache: lie; die Flaschen müssen liegen the bottles have to lie flat; der Boden lag voller Zeitungen the floor was strewn with newspapers; der Schnee lag meterhoch the snow was piled up to a height of several met|res (Am. -ers); es lag viel Schnee there was a lot of snow (on the ground); liegt mein Haar richtig? is my hair all right?; der Griff liegt gut in der Hand the grip sits nicely in your hand
    2. Person: lie; im Gras / auf dem Bett liegen lie in the grass / on the bed; liegen bleiben (nicht aufstehen) not get up; im Bett: auch stay in bed; Boxen: stay down; er blieb verletzt liegen he was unable to get up because he was injured
    3. Kranker: be in bed; weitS. (krank sein) be laid up; liegen müssen Kranker: have to stay in bed; flach: have to lie flat; er hat drei Wochen gelegen he was in bed ( oder was laid up) for three weeks
    4. (gelegen sein) Stadt etc.: lie, be (situated); Gebäude: be (situated oder located); das Dorf liegt hoch über dem Tal the village is (situated) high above the valley; liegen nach Haus: face; Zimmer: auch look out on, overlook
    5. NAUT., Schiff: lie; im Hafen liegt seit gestern eine Segelyacht there’s been a yacht in (the) harbo(u)r since yesterday
    6. fig.: da liegt der Fehler that’s where the trouble lies; wie die Sache jetzt liegt as matters (now) stand, as things are at the moment; es liegt hinter uns it’s behind us; da liegt noch einiges vor uns we’ve got quite a lot coming up; in ihrer Stimme lag leise Ironie there was a hint of irony in her voice; das lag nicht in meiner Absicht that was not my intention; die Schwierigkeit liegt darin, dass... the problem is that...
    7. liegen bleiben Sachen: be left ( auf + Dat on); Schnee: settle; (vergessen werden) be left (behind); auch fig. be forgotten; fig. Arbeit: be left unfinished; WIRTS., Waren: be left unsold; umg. be left on the shelf; mit dem Auto: unterwegs liegen bleiben have a breakdown on the way; das kann liegen bleiben fig. that can wait; liegen geblieben (vergessen) forgotten; Auto etc.: stranded; (aufgegeben) abandoned; liegen gebliebene Bücher etc. books etc. left behind
    8. liegen lassen (vergessen) leave behind, forget; (in Ruhe lassen) leave alone; (Arbeit) leave (unfinished); die Arbeit liegen lassen (unterbrechen) stop work; plötzlich: drop everything; Fabrikarbeiter: down tools, Am. walk out; alles liegen lassen (nicht aufräumen) leave everything lying around, not clean up; lass es liegen! don’t touch it!; links I
    9. (gemäß sein) das liegt mir nicht it’s not my thing; er liegt mir überhaupt nicht he’s not my type of person; als Mann: he’s not my type; nichts liegt mir ferner nothing could be further from my mind
    10. mit Präp.: liegen an (+ Dat) be near; an einer Straße, einem Fluss: be on; (dicht an) be next to; fig., Ursache: be because of; an der Spitze etc. liegen be in front etc.; es liegt an dir Schuld: it’s your fault; etw. zu tun: it’s up to you; an mir solls nicht liegen I’ll certainly do my best; (ich werde dir nicht im Weg stehen) I won’t stand in the way; an mir solls nicht liegen, wenn die Sache schief geht it won’t be my fault ( oder through any fault of mine) if it goes wrong; es liegt daran, dass... it’s because...; es liegt mir daran zu (+ Inf.) I’m keen (Am. eager) to (+ Inf.) es liegt mir sehr viel daran it means a lot to me; es liegt mir viel an ihr she means a lot to me; mir liegt viel an deiner Mitarbeit your cooperation is very important to me; es liegt mir nichts daran it doesn’t mean much to me; es liegt mir nichts daran zu gewinnen it doesn’t make any difference to me whether I win or not
    11. mit Präp.: liegen auf (+ Akk) lie on; Akzent: be on; der Wagen liegt gut ( auf der Straße) the car holds (the road) well; es liegt Nebel auf den Feldern mist is hanging over the fields; Hand1 3, Seele1
    12. mit Präp.: der Gewinn liegt bei fünf Millionen there is a profit of five million; die Temperaturen liegen bei 30 Grad temperatures are ( im Wetterbericht: will be) around 30 degrees (centigrade); die Entscheidung liegt bei dir it’s your decision, it’s up to you; Blut 1, Magen etc.
    * * *
    to recline; to be situated; to lie; to be
    * * *
    lie|gen
    * * *
    1) (to be in or take a more or less flat position: She went into the bedroom and lay on the bed; The book was lying in the hall.) lie
    2) (to be situated; to be in a particular place etc: The farm lay three miles from the sea; His interest lies in farming.) lie
    3) ((with with) (of a duty etc) to belong to: The choice rests with you.) rest
    4) (to lie or rest; to have a certain position: The parcel is sitting on the table.) sit
    5) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) stand
    * * *
    lie·gen
    < lag, gelegen>
    [ˈli:gn̩]
    vi Hilfsverb: haben o SÜDD, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ sein
    1. (sich in horizontaler Lage befinden) to lie
    ich liege noch im Bett I'm still [lying] in bed
    während der Krankheit musste sie \liegen while she was ill she had to lie down all the time
    Weinflaschen müssen \liegen wine bottles should lie flat
    hast du irgendwo meine Schlüssel \liegen gesehen? have you seen my keys lying [around] anywhere?
    deine Brille müsste eigentlich auf dem Schreibtisch \liegen your glasses should be [lying] on the desk
    Herzkranke müssen hoch/höher \liegen people with heart problems should lie with their heads raised
    das Flugzeug lag ganz ruhig in der Luft the plane was flying quite smoothly
    der Wagen liegt gut auf der Straße the car holds the road well
    auf dieser Matratze liegt man weich/weicher this mattress is soft/softer for lying on
    in diesem Bett liegt es sich hart/weich this bed is hard/soft
    krank im Bett \liegen to be ill in bed
    im Krankenhaus/auf Station 2 \liegen to be in hospital/in ward 2
    unbequem \liegen to lie uncomfortably [or in an uncomfortable position]
    \liegen bleiben (im Bett) to stay in bed; (nicht aufstehen) to remain lying [down]
    bleib \liegen! don't get up!, stay down!
    sie blieb bewusstlos auf dem Boden \liegen she lay unconscious on the floor; s.a. Knie, links, stehen
    2. (sich befinden) to be [lying]
    ein Lächeln lag auf seinem Gesicht there was a smile on his face
    die Stadt lag in dichtem Nebel the town was enveloped in thick fog, thick fog hung [or lay] over the town
    die Betonung liegt auf der zweiten Silbe the stress is on the second syllable
    ich habe noch einen guten Wein im Keller \liegen I have a good wine in the cellar
    etw liegt [nicht] in jds Absicht sth is [not] sb's intention
    es liegt nicht in meiner Absicht, das zu tun it is not my intention to do that
    etw liegt nicht in jds Hand/Macht sth is out of sb's hands/not within sb's power
    das liegt leider nicht in meiner Hand/Macht unfortunately that is out of my hands/not within my power
    verstreut \liegen to be [or lie] scattered
    [irgendwo] \liegen bleiben (nicht weggenommen werden) to be left [somewhere]
    Hände weg, das Buch bleibt [da] \liegen! hands off, the book's going nowhere!
    etw \liegen lassen (zurücklassen) to leave sth [there]; (verstreut) to leave sth lying about [or around]
    er ließ die Briefe auf dem Tisch liegen he left the letters [lying] on the desk
    er ließ alles \liegen und eilte ihr zur Hilfe he dropped everything to [go and] help her
    3. (sich abgesetzt haben) Schnee to lie; Hitze, Nebel a. to hang
    der Schnee lag 1 Meter hoch the snow was 1 metre deep
    es liegt Schnee auf den Bergen there is snow [lying] on the hills
    hier in den Bergen liegt oft bis Mitte April noch Schnee here in the mountains the snow often lies on the ground until mid-April
    auf den Autos liegt weißer Reif there is a white [covering of] frost on the cars
    bei euch liegt aber viel Staub it's very dusty [in] here
    über allen Möbeln lag eine dicke Staubschicht there was a thick layer of dust over all the furniture
    4. (vergessen werden)
    irgendwo \liegen bleiben to be [or get] left behind somewhere
    mein Hut muss in dem Restaurant \liegen geblieben sein I must have left my hat in the restaurant
    etw \liegen lassen to leave sth behind
    verflixt, ich muss meinen Schirm in der U-Bahn \liegen gelassen haben! damn, I must have left my umbrella [behind] on the underground!
    5. (nicht erledigt werden)
    \liegen bleiben to be left [undone], not to get done
    diese Briefe können bis morgen \liegen bleiben these letters can wait until tomorrow
    etw \liegen lassen to leave sth [undone]
    \liegen bleiben (nicht verkauft werden) to remain unsold, not to sell
    wenn uns diese Waren \liegen bleiben... if we are left with these things [on our hands]...
    7. (geografisch gelegen sein) to be; Haus, Stadt etc. a. to be situated [or located], to lie
    ihr Haus liegt an einem romantischen See their house is situated by a romantic lake
    das liegt auf dem Weg/ganz in der Nähe it's on the way/quite nearby
    eine bildhübsch/ruhig/verkehrsgünstig gelegene Villa a villa in a picturesque/quiet/easily accessible location
    etw links/rechts \liegen lassen to leave sth on one's left/right
    nach Norden/zum Garten/zur Straße \liegen to face north/the garden/the road
    diese Wohnung liegt nach vorn zur Straße [hinaus] this flat faces [out onto] the street
    das Fenster liegt zum Garten the window faces the garden
    verkehrsgünstig \liegen Stadt to have good communications
    8. (begraben sein)
    ▪ irgendwo \liegen to be [or lie] buried somewhere
    ▪ irgendwo \liegen to be [moored] somewhere
    ein paar Fischerboote lagen am Kai a couple of fishing boots were moored to the quay
    10. MIL
    ▪ irgendwo liegen Truppen to be stationed
    vor Paris \liegen to be stationed outside Paris
    irgendwo [in Quartier] \liegen to be quartered somewhere
    11. AUTO (nicht weiterfahren können)
    \liegen bleiben to break down [or have a breakdown], to conk out fam
    12. (zeitlich) to be
    das liegt noch vor mir/schon hinter mir I still have that to come/that's all behind me now
    die Stunden, die zwischen den Prüfungen lagen the hours between the examinations
    13. (in einem Wettbewerb)
    ▪ irgendwo \liegen to be [or lie] somewhere
    wie \liegen unsere Schwimmer eigentlich im Wettbewerb? how are our swimmers doing in the competition?
    die Mannschaft liegt jetzt auf dem zweiten Tabellenplatz the team is now second in the division
    in den Charts an erster Stelle \liegen to top the charts
    in Führung/auf den hinteren Plätzen/an der Spitze \liegen to be in the lead/at the bottom/right out in front
    14. (gestylt sein)
    gut \liegen Haare to stay in place [well]
    richtig/nicht richtig \liegen to be/not be in the right place
    15. (bedeckt sein)
    der Tisch liegt voller Bücher the desk is covered with books
    16. MODE (eine bestimmte Breite haben)
    ▪ irgendwie \liegen Stoff to be a certain size
    wie breit liegt dieser Seidenstoff? how wide is this silk material?
    der Stoff liegt quer/90 cm breit the material is on the cross/is 90 cm wide
    17. ÖKON
    ▪ bei [o um] ... \liegen to cost...
    ▪ zwischen... und... \liegen to cost between... and..., to be priced at between... and...
    der Preis dürfte [irgendwo] bei 4.500 Euro \liegen the price is likely to be [around] 4,500 euros
    damit \liegen Sie um 185.000 Euro höher that would put the price up by 185,000 euros
    damit \liegen Sie schnell bei 1,3 Millionen Euro Baukosten that would soon push the building costs up to 1.3 million euros
    18. (begründet sein)
    ▪ an jdm/etw \liegen to be caused [or because of] by sb/sth
    woran liegt es? why is that?, what is the reason [for that]?
    es liegt daran, dass... it is because...
    ich weiß nicht, woran es liegt I don't know what the reason is
    woran mag es nur \liegen, dass mir immer alles misslingt? why is it that everything I do goes wrong?
    an mir soll es nicht \liegen! don't let me stop you!, I won't stand in your way!
    19. (wichtig sein)
    ▪ jdm liegt etw an jdm/etw sb attaches a certain importance to sb/sth
    du weißt doch, wie sehr mir daran liegt you know how important it is to me
    es liegt mir schon etwas an ihr I do care about her [a bit]
    ihm liegt [einiges] daran, respektiert zu werden it is of [some] importance to him to be respected
    jdm ist etwas/nichts/viel an jdm/etw gelegen sb/sth means something/nothing/a lot to sb
    an diesem uninteressanten Stellenangebot war mir nichts gelegen I didn't bother [even] considering this unappealing job offer
    es liegt jdm nichts/wenig an etw sth doesn't matter at all/much to sb, sth isn't at all/not very important to sb
    es liegt jdm viel an etw sth matters a lot to sb, sth is very important to sb
    es liegt ihm sehr viel an seiner Arbeit his job matters a lot to him
    20. oft verneint (jdm gemäß sein)
    ▪ etw liegt jdm sb likes sth; (entspricht jds Begabung) sb is good at sth
    Mathe scheint dir wirklich zu \liegen (fam) maths seems right up your street fam
    diese Arbeit liegt mir total (fam) this job suits me down to the ground fam
    ▪ etw liegt jdm nicht (jd hat kein Talent) sb has no aptitude for sth; (es gefällt jdm nicht) sth doesn't appeal to sb; (jd mag es nicht) sb doesn't like [or care for] sth
    Französisch liegt ihm nicht he has no aptitude for French
    körperliche Arbeit liegt ihr weniger she's not really cut out for physical work
    Peter ist ganz nett, aber er liegt mir irgendwie nicht Peter's nice enough but not really my cup of tea
    21. (lasten)
    ▪ auf jdm \liegen to weigh down [up]on sb
    auf ihr liegt eine große Verantwortung a heavy responsibility rests on her shoulders
    auf ihm scheint ein Fluch zu \liegen there seems to be a curse on him
    die Schuld lag schwer auf ihm his guilt weighed heavily on him; s.a. Magen
    22. (abhängig sein)
    ▪ bei jdm \liegen to be up to sb
    das liegt ganz bei dir that is completely up to you
    die Entscheidung liegt bei dir/beim Volk the decision rests with you/the people
    die Verantwortung liegt bei dir it's your responsibility
    23. (stehen, sich verhalten) to be
    die Sache liegt ganz anders the situation is quite different; s.a. Ding
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    1) lie; < person> be lying down

    während der Krankheit musste er liegen — while he was ill he had to lie down all the time

    im Krankenhaus/auf Station 6 liegen — be in hospital/in ward 6

    [krank] im Bett liegen — be [ill] in bed

    [im Bett] liegen bleiben — stay in bed

    bewusstlos/bewegungslos liegen bleiben — lie unconscious/motionless

    2) (vorhanden sein) lie

    es liegt Schnee auf den Bergen — there is snow [lying] on the hills

    3) (sich befinden) be; < object> be [lying]; <town, house, etc.> be [situated]

    wie die Dinge liegen — as things are or stand [at the moment]

    die Stadt liegt an der Küste — the town is or lies on the coast

    etwas rechts/links liegen lassen — leave something on one's right/left

    das Fenster liegt nach vorn/nach Süden/zum Garten — the window is at the front/faces south/faces the garden

    es liegt nicht in meiner Absicht, das zu tun — it is not my intention to do that

    das Essen lag mir schwer im Magen — the food/meal lay heavy on my stomach

    das liegt noch vor mir/schon hinter mir — I still have that to come/that's all behind me now

    5)

    das liegt an ihm od. bei ihm — it is up to him; (ist seine Schuld) it is his fault

    die Verantwortung/Schuld liegt bei ihm — it is his responsibility/fault

    an mir soll es nicht liegen — I won't stand in your way; (ich werde mich beteiligen) I'm easy (coll.)

    ich weiß nicht, woran es liegt — I don't know what the reason is

    woran mag es nur liegen, dass...? — why ever is it that...?

    es liegt mir nicht — it doesn't suit me; it isn't right for me; (es spricht mich nicht an) it doesn't appeal to me; (ich mag es nicht) I don't like it or care for it

    es liegt ihm nicht, das zu tun — he does not like doing that; (so etwas tut er nicht) it is not his way to do that

    7)

    daran liegt ihm viel/wenig/nichts — he sets great/little/no store by that; it means a lot/little/nothing to him

    an ihm liegt mir schon etwas — I do care about him [a bit]

    9) (bes. Milit.): (verweilen) be; < troops> be stationed; < ship> lie
    10)

    liegen bleiben — < things> stay, be left; (vergessen werden) be left behind; (nicht verkauft werden) remain unsold; (nicht erledigt werden) be left undone; (eine Panne haben) break down

    etwas liegen lassen — (vergessen) leave something [behind]; (unerledigt lassen) leave something undone

    alles liegen und stehen lassen — drop everything; s. auch Straße 1); liegend

    * * *
    liegen v/i; liegt, lag, hat (südd, österr, schweiz: ist) gelegen
    1. Sache: lie;
    die Flaschen müssen liegen the bottles have to lie flat;
    der Boden lag voller Zeitungen the floor was strewn with newspapers;
    der Schnee lag meterhoch the snow was piled up to a height of several metres (US -ers);
    es lag viel Schnee there was a lot of snow (on the ground);
    liegt mein Haar richtig? is my hair all right?;
    der Griff liegt gut in der Hand the grip sits nicely in your hand
    2. Person: lie;
    im Gras/auf dem Bett liegen lie in the grass/on the bed;
    liegen bleiben (nicht aufstehen) not get up; im Bett: auch stay in bed; Boxen: stay down;
    er blieb verletzt liegen he was unable to get up because he was injured
    3. Kranker: be in bed; weitS. (krank sein) be laid up;
    liegen müssen Kranker: have to stay in bed; flach: have to lie flat;
    er hat drei Wochen gelegen he was in bed ( oder was laid up) for three weeks
    4. (gelegen sein) Stadt etc: lie, be (situated); Gebäude: be (situated oder located);
    das Dorf liegt hoch über dem Tal the village is (situated) high above the valley;
    liegen nach Haus: face; Zimmer: auch look out on, overlook
    5. SCHIFF, Schiff: lie;
    im Hafen liegt seit gestern eine Segeljacht there’s been a yacht in (the) harbo(u)r since yesterday
    6. fig:
    da liegt der Fehler that’s where the trouble lies;
    wie die Sache jetzt liegt as matters (now) stand, as things are at the moment;
    es liegt hinter uns it’s behind us;
    da liegt noch einiges vor uns we’ve got quite a lot coming up;
    in ihrer Stimme lag leise Ironie there was a hint of irony in her voice;
    das lag nicht in meiner Absicht that was not my intention;
    die Schwierigkeit liegt darin, dass … the problem is that …
    7.
    auf +dat on); Schnee: settle; (vergessen werden) be left (behind); auch fig be forgotten; fig Arbeit: be left unfinished; WIRTSCH, Waren: be left unsold; umg be left on the shelf; mit dem Auto:
    unterwegs liegen bleiben have a breakdown on the way;
    das kann liegen bleiben fig that can wait;
    liegen geblieben (vergessen) forgotten; Auto etc: stranded; (aufgegeben) abandoned;
    liegen gebliebene Bücher etc books etc left behind
    8.
    liegen lassen (vergessen) leave behind, forget; (in Ruhe lassen) leave alone; (Arbeit) leave (unfinished);
    die Arbeit liegen lassen (unterbrechen) stop work; plötzlich: drop everything; Fabrikarbeiter: down tools, US walk out;
    alles liegen lassen (nicht aufräumen) leave everything lying around, not clean up;
    lass es liegen! don’t touch it!; → links A
    das liegt mir nicht it’s not my thing;
    er liegt mir überhaupt nicht he’s not my type of person; als Mann: he’s not my type;
    nichts liegt mir ferner nothing could be further from my mind
    10. mit präp:
    liegen an (+dat) be near; an einer Straße, einem Fluss: be on; (dicht an) be next to; fig, Ursache: be because of;
    liegen be in front etc;
    es liegt an dir Schuld: it’s your fault; etwas zu tun: it’s up to you;
    an mir solls nicht liegen I’ll certainly do my best; (ich werde dir nicht im Weg stehen) I won’t stand in the way;
    an mir solls nicht liegen, wenn die Sache schiefgeht it won’t be my fault ( oder through any fault of mine) if it goes wrong;
    es liegt daran, dass … it’s because …;
    es liegt mir daran zu (+inf) I’m keen (US eager) to (+inf)
    es liegt mir sehr viel daran it means a lot to me;
    es liegt mir viel an ihr she means a lot to me;
    mir liegt viel an deiner Mitarbeit your cooperation is very important to me;
    es liegt mir nichts daran it doesn’t mean much to me;
    es liegt mir nichts daran zu gewinnen it doesn’t make any difference to me whether I win or not
    11. mit präp:
    liegen auf (+akk) lie on; Akzent: be on;
    der Wagen liegt gut (auf der Straße) the car holds (the road) well;
    es liegt Nebel auf den Feldern mist is hanging over the fields; → Hand1 3, Seele1
    12. mit präp:
    der Gewinn liegt bei fünf Millionen there is a profit of five million;
    die Temperaturen liegen bei 30 Grad temperatures are ( im Wetterbericht: will be) around 30 degrees (centigrade);
    die Entscheidung liegt bei dir it’s your decision, it’s up to you; → Blut 1, Magen etc
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    1) lie; < person> be lying down

    im Krankenhaus/auf Station 6 liegen — be in hospital/in ward 6

    [krank] im Bett liegen — be [ill] in bed

    [im Bett] liegen bleiben — stay in bed

    bewusstlos/bewegungslos liegen bleiben — lie unconscious/motionless

    es liegt Schnee auf den Bergen — there is snow [lying] on the hills

    3) (sich befinden) be; < object> be [lying]; <town, house, etc.> be [situated]

    wie die Dinge liegen — as things are or stand [at the moment]

    die Stadt liegt an der Küste — the town is or lies on the coast

    etwas rechts/links liegen lassen — leave something on one's right/left

    das Fenster liegt nach vorn/nach Süden/zum Garten — the window is at the front/faces south/faces the garden

    es liegt nicht in meiner Absicht, das zu tun — it is not my intention to do that

    das Essen lag mir schwer im Magen — the food/meal lay heavy on my stomach

    das liegt noch vor mir/schon hinter mir — I still have that to come/that's all behind me now

    5)

    das liegt an ihm od. bei ihm — it is up to him; (ist seine Schuld) it is his fault

    die Verantwortung/Schuld liegt bei ihm — it is his responsibility/fault

    an mir soll es nicht liegen — I won't stand in your way; (ich werde mich beteiligen) I'm easy (coll.)

    ich weiß nicht, woran es liegt — I don't know what the reason is

    woran mag es nur liegen, dass...? — why ever is it that...?

    es liegt mir nicht — it doesn't suit me; it isn't right for me; (es spricht mich nicht an) it doesn't appeal to me; (ich mag es nicht) I don't like it or care for it

    es liegt ihm nicht, das zu tun — he does not like doing that; (so etwas tut er nicht) it is not his way to do that

    7)

    daran liegt ihm viel/wenig/nichts — he sets great/little/no store by that; it means a lot/little/nothing to him

    an ihm liegt mir schon etwas — I do care about him [a bit]

    9) (bes. Milit.): (verweilen) be; < troops> be stationed; < ship> lie
    10)

    liegen bleiben — < things> stay, be left; (vergessen werden) be left behind; (nicht verkauft werden) remain unsold; (nicht erledigt werden) be left undone; (eine Panne haben) break down

    etwas liegen lassen — (vergessen) leave something [behind]; (unerledigt lassen) leave something undone

    alles liegen und stehen lassen — drop everything; s. auch Straße 1); liegend

    * * *
    n.
    recumbency n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > liegen

  • 4 A

    ei
    (one of the notes in the musical scale.) la
    - A sharp
    a det un / una
    Recuerda que a se emplea delante de una palabra que empieza por consonante; delante de una palabra que empieza por un sonido vocálico se emplea an
    Multiple Entries: A     a A,
    ◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

    a preposición Nota: La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a. 1
    ◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;
    voy a casa I'm going home; se cayó al río she fell into the river a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro; se sentó al sol he sat in the sun; se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right 2
    a) (señalando hora, momento) at;
    a la hora de comer at lunch time; ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?; a mediados de abril in mid-April; al día siguiente the next o following day
    ◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today
    c) al + inf:
    al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news ( antes) a few minutes before she arrived; 3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each; a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour; nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three 4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
    ◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;
    a crédito on credit; funciona a pilas it runs on batteries; a mano by hand; a rayas striped; vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes 5
    ◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;
    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud dáselo a ella give it to her; les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English; le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door
    ◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

    A, a f (letra) A 'A' also found in these entries: Spanish: a. C. - a.m. - abajeña - abajeño - abanderada - abanderado - abandonar - abandonada - abandonado - abanico - abarquillada - abarquillado - abarrotada - abarrotado - abasto - abatida - abatido - abatirse - abdicar - aberración - abertura - abierta - abierto - abigarrada - abigarrado - abigarrar - ablandar - ablusada - ablusado - abnegada - abnegado - abobada - abobado - abocada - abocado - abogacía - abogada - abogado - abombada - abombado - abonar - abonada - abonado - abonarse - abono - abordar - abordaje - aborregar - abortar - abortiva English: A - A-level - a.m. - abandon - abandoned - abide by - ability - abject - abnormal - aboard - aborigine - abortion - abortive - about - above - above-board - above-mentioned - abrasive - abreast - abridged - abrupt - absent - absent-minded - absolute - absolutely - absorbed - abstemious - abstract - absurd - abundant - abuse - abusive - abysmal - academic - academy - accede - accent - acceptable - access - accident-prone - accidental - accidentally - acclimatized - accommodate - accommodation - accomplish - accomplished - account - account for - accountable
    A
    tr[æmp, 'æmpeəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 ( ampere) amperio; (symbol) A
    a ['eɪ] n, pl a's or as ['eɪz] : primera letra del alfabeto inglés
    a [ə, 'eɪ] art, an [ən, 'æn] before vowel or silent h)
    1) : un m, una f
    a house: una casa
    half an hour: media hora
    what a surprise!: ¡qué sorpresa!
    2) per: por, a la, al
    30 kilometers an hour: 30 kilómetros por hora
    twice a month: dos veces al mes
    n.
    • la (Música) s.f.
    a eɪ noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional


    I [eɪ]
    1. N
    1) (=letter) A, a f

    No. 32A — (=house) núm. 32 bis, núm. 32 duplicado

    the A-Z of Management Techniques — el manual básico de Técnicas de Gestión, Técnicas de Gestión de la A a la Z

    - know sth from A to Z
    2) (Mus)

    A — la m

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    A sharp/flat — la sostenido/bemol

    3) (Scol) sobresaliente m
    2.
    CPD

    A level N ABBR (Brit) (Scol) = Advanced level — ≈ bachillerato m

    A road N — (Brit) ≈ carretera f nacional

    "A" shares NPL — acciones fpl de clase A

    A side N — [of record] cara f A

    A to Z ® N — (=map book) callejero m

    A LEVELS Al terminar la educación secundaria obligatoria, los estudiantes de Inglaterra, Gales e Irlanda del Norte pueden estudiar otros dos años para preparar tres o cuatro asignaturas más y examinarse de ellas a los 18 años. Estos exámenes se conocen con el nombre de A levels o Advanced levels. Cada universidad determina el número de A levels y la calificación necesaria para acceder a ella. En Escocia los exámenes equivalentes son los Highers o Higher Grades, que se hacen de unas cinco asignaturas tras un año de estudios. Después se puede optar entre entrar en la universidad directamente o estudiar otro año más, bien para hacer el mismo examen de otras asignaturas, o para sacar los Advanced Highers.
    See:

    II
    [eɪ] [ˌǝ]
    INDEF ART ( before vowel or silent h an) [ˌæn] [ˌǝn] [ˌn]
    1) un(a) m / f ; (+ fem noun starting with stressed [a] or [ha]) un

    that child's a thief! — ¡ese niño es un ladrón!

    b) (after [tener]/[buscar] if singular object the norm)

    have you got a passport? — ¿tiene usted pasaporte?

    See:
    LOOK FOR in look

    a fine excuse! — ¡bonita disculpa!

    what an idiot! — ¡qué idiota!

    Patrick, a lecturer at Glasgow University, says that... — Patrick, profesor de la Universidad de Glasgow, dice que...

    the Duero, a Spanish river — el Duero, un río español

    3) (=a certain) un(a) tal
    4) (=each, per) por

    £80 a week — 80 libras por semana

    once a week/three times a month — una vez a la semanaes veces al mes

    * * *
    a [eɪ] noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional

    English-spanish dictionary > A

  • 5 a

    ei
    (one of the notes in the musical scale.) la
    - A sharp
    a det un / una
    Recuerda que a se emplea delante de una palabra que empieza por consonante; delante de una palabra que empieza por un sonido vocálico se emplea an
    Multiple Entries: A     a A,
    ◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

    a preposición Nota: La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a. 1
    ◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;
    voy a casa I'm going home; se cayó al río she fell into the river a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro; se sentó al sol he sat in the sun; se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right 2
    a) (señalando hora, momento) at;
    a la hora de comer at lunch time; ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?; a mediados de abril in mid-April; al día siguiente the next o following day
    ◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today
    c) al + inf:
    al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news ( antes) a few minutes before she arrived; 3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each; a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour; nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three 4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
    ◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;
    a crédito on credit; funciona a pilas it runs on batteries; a mano by hand; a rayas striped; vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes 5
    ◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;
    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud dáselo a ella give it to her; les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English; le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door
    ◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

    A, a f (letra) A 'A' also found in these entries: Spanish: a. C. - a.m. - abajeña - abajeño - abanderada - abanderado - abandonar - abandonada - abandonado - abanico - abarquillada - abarquillado - abarrotada - abarrotado - abasto - abatida - abatido - abatirse - abdicar - aberración - abertura - abierta - abierto - abigarrada - abigarrado - abigarrar - ablandar - ablusada - ablusado - abnegada - abnegado - abobada - abobado - abocada - abocado - abogacía - abogada - abogado - abombada - abombado - abonar - abonada - abonado - abonarse - abono - abordar - abordaje - aborregar - abortar - abortiva English: A - A-level - a.m. - abandon - abandoned - abide by - ability - abject - abnormal - aboard - aborigine - abortion - abortive - about - above - above-board - above-mentioned - abrasive - abreast - abridged - abrupt - absent - absent-minded - absolute - absolutely - absorbed - abstemious - abstract - absurd - abundant - abuse - abusive - abysmal - academic - academy - accede - accent - acceptable - access - accident-prone - accidental - accidentally - acclimatized - accommodate - accommodation - accomplish - accomplished - account - account for - accountable
    A
    tr[æmp, 'æmpeəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 ( ampere) amperio; (symbol) A
    a ['eɪ] n, pl a's or as ['eɪz] : primera letra del alfabeto inglés
    a [ə, 'eɪ] art, an [ən, 'æn] before vowel or silent h)
    1) : un m, una f
    a house: una casa
    half an hour: media hora
    what a surprise!: ¡qué sorpresa!
    2) per: por, a la, al
    30 kilometers an hour: 30 kilómetros por hora
    twice a month: dos veces al mes
    n.
    • la (Música) s.f.
    a eɪ noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional


    I [eɪ]
    1. N
    1) (=letter) A, a f

    No. 32A — (=house) núm. 32 bis, núm. 32 duplicado

    the A-Z of Management Techniques — el manual básico de Técnicas de Gestión, Técnicas de Gestión de la A a la Z

    - know sth from A to Z
    2) (Mus)

    A — la m

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    A sharp/flat — la sostenido/bemol

    3) (Scol) sobresaliente m
    2.
    CPD

    A level N ABBR (Brit) (Scol) = Advanced level — ≈ bachillerato m

    A road N — (Brit) ≈ carretera f nacional

    "A" shares NPL — acciones fpl de clase A

    A side N — [of record] cara f A

    A to Z ® N — (=map book) callejero m

    A LEVELS Al terminar la educación secundaria obligatoria, los estudiantes de Inglaterra, Gales e Irlanda del Norte pueden estudiar otros dos años para preparar tres o cuatro asignaturas más y examinarse de ellas a los 18 años. Estos exámenes se conocen con el nombre de A levels o Advanced levels. Cada universidad determina el número de A levels y la calificación necesaria para acceder a ella. En Escocia los exámenes equivalentes son los Highers o Higher Grades, que se hacen de unas cinco asignaturas tras un año de estudios. Después se puede optar entre entrar en la universidad directamente o estudiar otro año más, bien para hacer el mismo examen de otras asignaturas, o para sacar los Advanced Highers.
    See:

    II
    [eɪ] [ˌǝ]
    INDEF ART ( before vowel or silent h an) [ˌæn] [ˌǝn] [ˌn]
    1) un(a) m / f ; (+ fem noun starting with stressed [a] or [ha]) un

    that child's a thief! — ¡ese niño es un ladrón!

    b) (after [tener]/[buscar] if singular object the norm)

    have you got a passport? — ¿tiene usted pasaporte?

    See:
    LOOK FOR in look

    a fine excuse! — ¡bonita disculpa!

    what an idiot! — ¡qué idiota!

    Patrick, a lecturer at Glasgow University, says that... — Patrick, profesor de la Universidad de Glasgow, dice que...

    the Duero, a Spanish river — el Duero, un río español

    3) (=a certain) un(a) tal
    4) (=each, per) por

    £80 a week — 80 libras por semana

    once a week/three times a month — una vez a la semanaes veces al mes

    * * *
    a [eɪ] noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional

    English-spanish dictionary > a

  • 6 Liegen

    v/i; liegt, lag, hat (südd., österr., schw.: ist) gelegen
    1. Sache: lie; die Flaschen müssen liegen the bottles have to lie flat; der Boden lag voller Zeitungen the floor was strewn with newspapers; der Schnee lag meterhoch the snow was piled up to a height of several met|res (Am. -ers); es lag viel Schnee there was a lot of snow (on the ground); liegt mein Haar richtig? is my hair all right?; der Griff liegt gut in der Hand the grip sits nicely in your hand
    2. Person: lie; im Gras / auf dem Bett liegen lie in the grass / on the bed; liegen bleiben (nicht aufstehen) not get up; im Bett: auch stay in bed; Boxen: stay down; er blieb verletzt liegen he was unable to get up because he was injured
    3. Kranker: be in bed; weitS. (krank sein) be laid up; liegen müssen Kranker: have to stay in bed; flach: have to lie flat; er hat drei Wochen gelegen he was in bed ( oder was laid up) for three weeks
    4. (gelegen sein) Stadt etc.: lie, be (situated); Gebäude: be (situated oder located); das Dorf liegt hoch über dem Tal the village is (situated) high above the valley; liegen nach Haus: face; Zimmer: auch look out on, overlook
    5. NAUT., Schiff: lie; im Hafen liegt seit gestern eine Segelyacht there’s been a yacht in (the) harbo(u)r since yesterday
    6. fig.: da liegt der Fehler that’s where the trouble lies; wie die Sache jetzt liegt as matters (now) stand, as things are at the moment; es liegt hinter uns it’s behind us; da liegt noch einiges vor uns we’ve got quite a lot coming up; in ihrer Stimme lag leise Ironie there was a hint of irony in her voice; das lag nicht in meiner Absicht that was not my intention; die Schwierigkeit liegt darin, dass... the problem is that...
    7. liegen bleiben Sachen: be left ( auf + Dat on); Schnee: settle; (vergessen werden) be left (behind); auch fig. be forgotten; fig. Arbeit: be left unfinished; WIRTS., Waren: be left unsold; umg. be left on the shelf; mit dem Auto: unterwegs liegen bleiben have a breakdown on the way; das kann liegen bleiben fig. that can wait; liegen geblieben (vergessen) forgotten; Auto etc.: stranded; (aufgegeben) abandoned; liegen gebliebene Bücher etc. books etc. left behind
    8. liegen lassen (vergessen) leave behind, forget; (in Ruhe lassen) leave alone; (Arbeit) leave (unfinished); die Arbeit liegen lassen (unterbrechen) stop work; plötzlich: drop everything; Fabrikarbeiter: down tools, Am. walk out; alles liegen lassen (nicht aufräumen) leave everything lying around, not clean up; lass es liegen! don’t touch it!; links I
    9. (gemäß sein) das liegt mir nicht it’s not my thing; er liegt mir überhaupt nicht he’s not my type of person; als Mann: he’s not my type; nichts liegt mir ferner nothing could be further from my mind
    10. mit Präp.: liegen an (+ Dat) be near; an einer Straße, einem Fluss: be on; (dicht an) be next to; fig., Ursache: be because of; an der Spitze etc. liegen be in front etc.; es liegt an dir Schuld: it’s your fault; etw. zu tun: it’s up to you; an mir solls nicht liegen I’ll certainly do my best; (ich werde dir nicht im Weg stehen) I won’t stand in the way; an mir solls nicht liegen, wenn die Sache schief geht it won’t be my fault ( oder through any fault of mine) if it goes wrong; es liegt daran, dass... it’s because...; es liegt mir daran zu (+ Inf.) I’m keen (Am. eager) to (+ Inf.) es liegt mir sehr viel daran it means a lot to me; es liegt mir viel an ihr she means a lot to me; mir liegt viel an deiner Mitarbeit your cooperation is very important to me; es liegt mir nichts daran it doesn’t mean much to me; es liegt mir nichts daran zu gewinnen it doesn’t make any difference to me whether I win or not
    11. mit Präp.: liegen auf (+ Akk) lie on; Akzent: be on; der Wagen liegt gut ( auf der Straße) the car holds (the road) well; es liegt Nebel auf den Feldern mist is hanging over the fields; Hand1 3, Seele1
    12. mit Präp.: der Gewinn liegt bei fünf Millionen there is a profit of five million; die Temperaturen liegen bei 30 Grad temperatures are ( im Wetterbericht: will be) around 30 degrees (centigrade); die Entscheidung liegt bei dir it’s your decision, it’s up to you; Blut 1, Magen etc.
    * * *
    to recline; to be situated; to lie; to be
    * * *
    lie|gen
    * * *
    1) (to be in or take a more or less flat position: She went into the bedroom and lay on the bed; The book was lying in the hall.) lie
    2) (to be situated; to be in a particular place etc: The farm lay three miles from the sea; His interest lies in farming.) lie
    3) ((with with) (of a duty etc) to belong to: The choice rests with you.) rest
    4) (to lie or rest; to have a certain position: The parcel is sitting on the table.) sit
    5) (to be in a particular state, condition or situation: As matters stand, we can do nothing to help; How do you stand financially?) stand
    * * *
    lie·gen
    < lag, gelegen>
    [ˈli:gn̩]
    vi Hilfsverb: haben o SÜDD, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ sein
    1. (sich in horizontaler Lage befinden) to lie
    ich liege noch im Bett I'm still [lying] in bed
    während der Krankheit musste sie \liegen while she was ill she had to lie down all the time
    Weinflaschen müssen \liegen wine bottles should lie flat
    hast du irgendwo meine Schlüssel \liegen gesehen? have you seen my keys lying [around] anywhere?
    deine Brille müsste eigentlich auf dem Schreibtisch \liegen your glasses should be [lying] on the desk
    Herzkranke müssen hoch/höher \liegen people with heart problems should lie with their heads raised
    das Flugzeug lag ganz ruhig in der Luft the plane was flying quite smoothly
    der Wagen liegt gut auf der Straße the car holds the road well
    auf dieser Matratze liegt man weich/weicher this mattress is soft/softer for lying on
    in diesem Bett liegt es sich hart/weich this bed is hard/soft
    krank im Bett \liegen to be ill in bed
    im Krankenhaus/auf Station 2 \liegen to be in hospital/in ward 2
    unbequem \liegen to lie uncomfortably [or in an uncomfortable position]
    \liegen bleiben (im Bett) to stay in bed; (nicht aufstehen) to remain lying [down]
    bleib \liegen! don't get up!, stay down!
    sie blieb bewusstlos auf dem Boden \liegen she lay unconscious on the floor; s.a. Knie, links, stehen
    2. (sich befinden) to be [lying]
    ein Lächeln lag auf seinem Gesicht there was a smile on his face
    die Stadt lag in dichtem Nebel the town was enveloped in thick fog, thick fog hung [or lay] over the town
    die Betonung liegt auf der zweiten Silbe the stress is on the second syllable
    ich habe noch einen guten Wein im Keller \liegen I have a good wine in the cellar
    etw liegt [nicht] in jds Absicht sth is [not] sb's intention
    es liegt nicht in meiner Absicht, das zu tun it is not my intention to do that
    etw liegt nicht in jds Hand/Macht sth is out of sb's hands/not within sb's power
    das liegt leider nicht in meiner Hand/Macht unfortunately that is out of my hands/not within my power
    verstreut \liegen to be [or lie] scattered
    [irgendwo] \liegen bleiben (nicht weggenommen werden) to be left [somewhere]
    Hände weg, das Buch bleibt [da] \liegen! hands off, the book's going nowhere!
    etw \liegen lassen (zurücklassen) to leave sth [there]; (verstreut) to leave sth lying about [or around]
    er ließ die Briefe auf dem Tisch liegen he left the letters [lying] on the desk
    er ließ alles \liegen und eilte ihr zur Hilfe he dropped everything to [go and] help her
    3. (sich abgesetzt haben) Schnee to lie; Hitze, Nebel a. to hang
    der Schnee lag 1 Meter hoch the snow was 1 metre deep
    es liegt Schnee auf den Bergen there is snow [lying] on the hills
    hier in den Bergen liegt oft bis Mitte April noch Schnee here in the mountains the snow often lies on the ground until mid-April
    auf den Autos liegt weißer Reif there is a white [covering of] frost on the cars
    bei euch liegt aber viel Staub it's very dusty [in] here
    über allen Möbeln lag eine dicke Staubschicht there was a thick layer of dust over all the furniture
    4. (vergessen werden)
    irgendwo \liegen bleiben to be [or get] left behind somewhere
    mein Hut muss in dem Restaurant \liegen geblieben sein I must have left my hat in the restaurant
    etw \liegen lassen to leave sth behind
    verflixt, ich muss meinen Schirm in der U-Bahn \liegen gelassen haben! damn, I must have left my umbrella [behind] on the underground!
    5. (nicht erledigt werden)
    \liegen bleiben to be left [undone], not to get done
    diese Briefe können bis morgen \liegen bleiben these letters can wait until tomorrow
    etw \liegen lassen to leave sth [undone]
    \liegen bleiben (nicht verkauft werden) to remain unsold, not to sell
    wenn uns diese Waren \liegen bleiben... if we are left with these things [on our hands]...
    7. (geografisch gelegen sein) to be; Haus, Stadt etc. a. to be situated [or located], to lie
    ihr Haus liegt an einem romantischen See their house is situated by a romantic lake
    das liegt auf dem Weg/ganz in der Nähe it's on the way/quite nearby
    eine bildhübsch/ruhig/verkehrsgünstig gelegene Villa a villa in a picturesque/quiet/easily accessible location
    etw links/rechts \liegen lassen to leave sth on one's left/right
    nach Norden/zum Garten/zur Straße \liegen to face north/the garden/the road
    diese Wohnung liegt nach vorn zur Straße [hinaus] this flat faces [out onto] the street
    das Fenster liegt zum Garten the window faces the garden
    verkehrsgünstig \liegen Stadt to have good communications
    8. (begraben sein)
    ▪ irgendwo \liegen to be [or lie] buried somewhere
    ▪ irgendwo \liegen to be [moored] somewhere
    ein paar Fischerboote lagen am Kai a couple of fishing boots were moored to the quay
    10. MIL
    ▪ irgendwo liegen Truppen to be stationed
    vor Paris \liegen to be stationed outside Paris
    irgendwo [in Quartier] \liegen to be quartered somewhere
    11. AUTO (nicht weiterfahren können)
    \liegen bleiben to break down [or have a breakdown], to conk out fam
    12. (zeitlich) to be
    das liegt noch vor mir/schon hinter mir I still have that to come/that's all behind me now
    die Stunden, die zwischen den Prüfungen lagen the hours between the examinations
    13. (in einem Wettbewerb)
    ▪ irgendwo \liegen to be [or lie] somewhere
    wie \liegen unsere Schwimmer eigentlich im Wettbewerb? how are our swimmers doing in the competition?
    die Mannschaft liegt jetzt auf dem zweiten Tabellenplatz the team is now second in the division
    in den Charts an erster Stelle \liegen to top the charts
    in Führung/auf den hinteren Plätzen/an der Spitze \liegen to be in the lead/at the bottom/right out in front
    14. (gestylt sein)
    gut \liegen Haare to stay in place [well]
    richtig/nicht richtig \liegen to be/not be in the right place
    15. (bedeckt sein)
    der Tisch liegt voller Bücher the desk is covered with books
    16. MODE (eine bestimmte Breite haben)
    ▪ irgendwie \liegen Stoff to be a certain size
    wie breit liegt dieser Seidenstoff? how wide is this silk material?
    der Stoff liegt quer/90 cm breit the material is on the cross/is 90 cm wide
    17. ÖKON
    ▪ bei [o um] ... \liegen to cost...
    ▪ zwischen... und... \liegen to cost between... and..., to be priced at between... and...
    der Preis dürfte [irgendwo] bei 4.500 Euro \liegen the price is likely to be [around] 4,500 euros
    damit \liegen Sie um 185.000 Euro höher that would put the price up by 185,000 euros
    damit \liegen Sie schnell bei 1,3 Millionen Euro Baukosten that would soon push the building costs up to 1.3 million euros
    18. (begründet sein)
    ▪ an jdm/etw \liegen to be caused [or because of] by sb/sth
    woran liegt es? why is that?, what is the reason [for that]?
    es liegt daran, dass... it is because...
    ich weiß nicht, woran es liegt I don't know what the reason is
    woran mag es nur \liegen, dass mir immer alles misslingt? why is it that everything I do goes wrong?
    an mir soll es nicht \liegen! don't let me stop you!, I won't stand in your way!
    19. (wichtig sein)
    ▪ jdm liegt etw an jdm/etw sb attaches a certain importance to sb/sth
    du weißt doch, wie sehr mir daran liegt you know how important it is to me
    es liegt mir schon etwas an ihr I do care about her [a bit]
    ihm liegt [einiges] daran, respektiert zu werden it is of [some] importance to him to be respected
    jdm ist etwas/nichts/viel an jdm/etw gelegen sb/sth means something/nothing/a lot to sb
    an diesem uninteressanten Stellenangebot war mir nichts gelegen I didn't bother [even] considering this unappealing job offer
    es liegt jdm nichts/wenig an etw sth doesn't matter at all/much to sb, sth isn't at all/not very important to sb
    es liegt jdm viel an etw sth matters a lot to sb, sth is very important to sb
    es liegt ihm sehr viel an seiner Arbeit his job matters a lot to him
    20. oft verneint (jdm gemäß sein)
    ▪ etw liegt jdm sb likes sth; (entspricht jds Begabung) sb is good at sth
    Mathe scheint dir wirklich zu \liegen (fam) maths seems right up your street fam
    diese Arbeit liegt mir total (fam) this job suits me down to the ground fam
    ▪ etw liegt jdm nicht (jd hat kein Talent) sb has no aptitude for sth; (es gefällt jdm nicht) sth doesn't appeal to sb; (jd mag es nicht) sb doesn't like [or care for] sth
    Französisch liegt ihm nicht he has no aptitude for French
    körperliche Arbeit liegt ihr weniger she's not really cut out for physical work
    Peter ist ganz nett, aber er liegt mir irgendwie nicht Peter's nice enough but not really my cup of tea
    21. (lasten)
    ▪ auf jdm \liegen to weigh down [up]on sb
    auf ihr liegt eine große Verantwortung a heavy responsibility rests on her shoulders
    auf ihm scheint ein Fluch zu \liegen there seems to be a curse on him
    die Schuld lag schwer auf ihm his guilt weighed heavily on him; s.a. Magen
    22. (abhängig sein)
    ▪ bei jdm \liegen to be up to sb
    das liegt ganz bei dir that is completely up to you
    die Entscheidung liegt bei dir/beim Volk the decision rests with you/the people
    die Verantwortung liegt bei dir it's your responsibility
    23. (stehen, sich verhalten) to be
    die Sache liegt ganz anders the situation is quite different; s.a. Ding
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    1) lie; < person> be lying down

    während der Krankheit musste er liegen — while he was ill he had to lie down all the time

    im Krankenhaus/auf Station 6 liegen — be in hospital/in ward 6

    [krank] im Bett liegen — be [ill] in bed

    [im Bett] liegen bleiben — stay in bed

    bewusstlos/bewegungslos liegen bleiben — lie unconscious/motionless

    2) (vorhanden sein) lie

    es liegt Schnee auf den Bergen — there is snow [lying] on the hills

    3) (sich befinden) be; < object> be [lying]; <town, house, etc.> be [situated]

    wie die Dinge liegen — as things are or stand [at the moment]

    die Stadt liegt an der Küste — the town is or lies on the coast

    etwas rechts/links liegen lassen — leave something on one's right/left

    das Fenster liegt nach vorn/nach Süden/zum Garten — the window is at the front/faces south/faces the garden

    es liegt nicht in meiner Absicht, das zu tun — it is not my intention to do that

    das Essen lag mir schwer im Magen — the food/meal lay heavy on my stomach

    das liegt noch vor mir/schon hinter mir — I still have that to come/that's all behind me now

    5)

    das liegt an ihm od. bei ihm — it is up to him; (ist seine Schuld) it is his fault

    die Verantwortung/Schuld liegt bei ihm — it is his responsibility/fault

    an mir soll es nicht liegen — I won't stand in your way; (ich werde mich beteiligen) I'm easy (coll.)

    ich weiß nicht, woran es liegt — I don't know what the reason is

    woran mag es nur liegen, dass...? — why ever is it that...?

    es liegt mir nicht — it doesn't suit me; it isn't right for me; (es spricht mich nicht an) it doesn't appeal to me; (ich mag es nicht) I don't like it or care for it

    es liegt ihm nicht, das zu tun — he does not like doing that; (so etwas tut er nicht) it is not his way to do that

    7)

    daran liegt ihm viel/wenig/nichts — he sets great/little/no store by that; it means a lot/little/nothing to him

    an ihm liegt mir schon etwas — I do care about him [a bit]

    9) (bes. Milit.): (verweilen) be; < troops> be stationed; < ship> lie
    10)

    liegen bleiben — < things> stay, be left; (vergessen werden) be left behind; (nicht verkauft werden) remain unsold; (nicht erledigt werden) be left undone; (eine Panne haben) break down

    etwas liegen lassen — (vergessen) leave something [behind]; (unerledigt lassen) leave something undone

    alles liegen und stehen lassen — drop everything; s. auch Straße 1); liegend

    * * *
    Liegen n; -s, kein pl lying; Stellung: lying ( oder horizontal) position;
    im Liegen lying down;
    das Liegen bekommt ihm nicht he can’t take all this lying down
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb
    1) lie; < person> be lying down

    im Krankenhaus/auf Station 6 liegen — be in hospital/in ward 6

    [krank] im Bett liegen — be [ill] in bed

    [im Bett] liegen bleiben — stay in bed

    bewusstlos/bewegungslos liegen bleiben — lie unconscious/motionless

    es liegt Schnee auf den Bergen — there is snow [lying] on the hills

    3) (sich befinden) be; < object> be [lying]; <town, house, etc.> be [situated]

    wie die Dinge liegen — as things are or stand [at the moment]

    die Stadt liegt an der Küste — the town is or lies on the coast

    etwas rechts/links liegen lassen — leave something on one's right/left

    das Fenster liegt nach vorn/nach Süden/zum Garten — the window is at the front/faces south/faces the garden

    es liegt nicht in meiner Absicht, das zu tun — it is not my intention to do that

    das Essen lag mir schwer im Magen — the food/meal lay heavy on my stomach

    das liegt noch vor mir/schon hinter mir — I still have that to come/that's all behind me now

    5)

    das liegt an ihm od. bei ihm — it is up to him; (ist seine Schuld) it is his fault

    die Verantwortung/Schuld liegt bei ihm — it is his responsibility/fault

    an mir soll es nicht liegen — I won't stand in your way; (ich werde mich beteiligen) I'm easy (coll.)

    ich weiß nicht, woran es liegt — I don't know what the reason is

    woran mag es nur liegen, dass...? — why ever is it that...?

    es liegt mir nicht — it doesn't suit me; it isn't right for me; (es spricht mich nicht an) it doesn't appeal to me; (ich mag es nicht) I don't like it or care for it

    es liegt ihm nicht, das zu tun — he does not like doing that; (so etwas tut er nicht) it is not his way to do that

    7)

    daran liegt ihm viel/wenig/nichts — he sets great/little/no store by that; it means a lot/little/nothing to him

    an ihm liegt mir schon etwas — I do care about him [a bit]

    9) (bes. Milit.): (verweilen) be; < troops> be stationed; < ship> lie
    10)

    liegen bleiben — < things> stay, be left; (vergessen werden) be left behind; (nicht verkauft werden) remain unsold; (nicht erledigt werden) be left undone; (eine Panne haben) break down

    etwas liegen lassen — (vergessen) leave something [behind]; (unerledigt lassen) leave something undone

    alles liegen und stehen lassen — drop everything; s. auch Straße 1); liegend

    * * *
    n.
    recumbency n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Liegen

  • 7 jajow|y

    adj. Biol. [błona, skorupka] egg attr.
    - zapłodnienie komórki jajowej the fertilization of the egg cell
    - jak to zrobiłeś? how did you do it a. that?
    - jak dojechać stąd na dworzec? how do I get to the station from here?
    - jak długo tu będziesz? how long will you be here?
    - jak daleko stąd do parku? how far is it to the park from here?
    - jak często chodzisz do kina? how often do you go to the cinema?
    - jak ci się udała wycieczka? how was your a. the trip?
    - jak było w Londynie? what was it like in London?, how was (it in) London?
    - jak tam ojciec, zdrowy już? how’s your father – is he well now?
    - jak twoja noga? how’s your leg?
    - jak ona wygląda? – jest wysoka czy niska? what does she look like: is she tall or short?
    - jak wyglądam w tej sukience? how do I look in this dress?
    - zapytaj go, jak się czuje ask him how he is
    - nauczył mnie, jak kopiować pliki he taught me how to copy files
    - nie wiem, jak długo się tam jedzie I don’t know how long it takes to get there
    - to jak, idziemy do kina? so, are we going to the cinema?
    - „powiedziałeś jej o tym?” – „a jak myślisz?” ‘have you told her about it?’ – ‘what do you think?’
    - nie wiadomo a. nie wiedzieć a. Bóg wie jak nobody a. God (alone) knows how
    - jak jej/mu tam pot. what d’you call her/him pot.; what’s her/his name pot.
    - dzwonił Robert czy jak mu tam Robert (or) whatever his name is phoned
    - jak śmiesz/jak pan śmie! how dare you!
    - jak mogłeś? how could you?!
    - o, jak dużo już napisał! look how much he’s written (already)!
    - tyle wydatków! jak tu można cokolwiek odłożyć! so many expenses! how can you save anything?
    - jak tu gorąco! it’s so hot in here!, how hot it is here!
    - jak ci nie wstyd! shame on you!
    - jak ty wyglądasz! (just) look at you!
    - jak nie pokochać takiego ślicznego bobasa? you can’t help loving such a cute little baby
    Ⅱ praep. as, like; (z przeczeniem) than
    - czarny jak węgiel as black as coal
    - oczy jak gwiazdy eyes like stars
    - był dla mnie jak ojciec he was like a father to me
    - płakała jak dziecko she cried like a baby
    - samochód wygląda teraz jak nowy the car looks as good as new (now)
    - miał szansę jak dziesięć do jednego he had a ten to one chance
    - tak (samo) jak… the same as…
    - miał na imię Robert, tak (samo) jak jego dziad his name was Robert, the same as his grandfather’s
    - taki (sam) jak… the same as…
    - podobny jak ktoś/coś similar to sb/sth
    - pasek identyczny jak mój a belt exactly like mine
    - nigdy nie spotkałem takiego maniaka sportu jak on I’ve never met a sports maniac like him
    - b jak Barbara/e jak Edward ‘B’ as in ‘Barbara’/‘E’ as in ‘Edward’
    - to nie potrwa dłużej jak godzinę it won’t take more than an hour
    - nie ma nic obrzydliwszego jak szantaż there’s nothing more repulsive a. despicable than blackmail
    - nie ma jak kuchnia domowa there’s nothing like home cooking, nothing beats home cooking
    - nie chciała wyglądać inaczej jak koleżanki she didn’t want to look different from her friends
    Ⅲ conj. 1. (porównanie) like, as; (z przeczeniem) than
    - rzucało łodzią jak łupiną orzecha the boat was thrown around a. tossed about like a cockleshell
    - w połowie kwietnia zrobiło się ciepło jak w lecie in mid April it became as warm as (in) summer
    - znowu wszystko jest jak dawniej a. kiedyś everything is again like it used to be a. like it was before
    - (tak) jak co roku, pojechał do Londynu he went to London as he did every year
    - jak zawsze as always
    - jak zwykle as usual
    - głodny byłem jak rzadko I was really a. extremely hungry
    - stało się tak, jak przypuszczałem it happened (just) the way I expected
    - tak jak przewidywałem, tak się stało everything turned out the way I had predicted
    - zorganizujemy wszystko, (tak) jak pan postanowi we’ll arrange everything (just) the way you want it
    - jak postanowiono, tak i zrobiono everything was done the way it had been planned a. decided
    - tak blisko/szybko, jak to jest/było możliwe as close/quickly as possible a. as one possibly can/could
    - dzień taki sam jak każdy inny a day like any other day
    - podobnie jak ja/Adam like myself/Adam
    - na wsi, podobnie jak w mieście in the country, just as in town
    - przedsięwzięcie równie niepotrzebne, jak beznadziejne an undertaking as unnecessary as it is/was hopeless
    - jak gdyby as if a. though
    - leżał nieruchomo, jak gdyby spał he lay motionless as if he were sleeping
    - schylił się, jak gdyby czegoś szukał he bent down as if he were looking for something
    - czuję się nie gorzej jak wczoraj I don’t feel any worse than yesterday
    - to potrwa nie dłużej jak do piątej it won’t take a. last (any) longer than five o’clock
    - skończę tłumaczenie nie później jak jutro I’ll finish the translation tomorrow at the latest
    - nie pozostało mi nic innego jak zgodzić się there was nothing else for me to do but agree
    - nie dalej jak wczoraj/dwa dni temu only yesterday/two days ago
    - jak szliśmy przez las, zaczęło padać when a. as we were walking through the forest, it began to rain
    - porozmawiamy o tym, jak wrócę we’ll talk about it when I get back
    - rok upłynął, jak umarł dziadek it’s been/it had been a year since grandfather died
    - już dwa miesiące, jak wyjechał it’s (been) two months since he left
    - jak tu mieszkam, nigdy jej nie spotkałem I’ve never met her since I’ve been living here
    - zadzwonię do ciebie, jak się czegoś dowiem I’ll phone you if I learn anything
    - jak nie dziś, to jutro either today or tomorrow; if not today, then tomorrow
    - gdzieś na pewno wyjadę, jak nie w góry, to nad morze I’ll be going away somewhere: if not to the mountains, then to the coast a. seaside
    - zaziębisz się, jak będziesz chodził bez czapki you’ll catch a cold if you don’t wear a hat
    - (ona) zawsze coś gubi, jak nie parasolkę, to rękawiczki she’s always losing something: if it’s not her umbrella, then it’s her gloves
    - zrób to sam, jak jesteś taki mądry do it yourself if a. as you’re so clever
    - na pewno został tam na noc, jak go do tej pory nie ma he must have stayed the night, as he’s not yet here
    - jak wiesz as you know
    - jak wiadomo as is known, obviously
    - jak wspomniano wyżej as mentioned above a. earlier
    - jak się zdaje as it seems
    - radzisz sobie, jak widzę, znakomicie you’re doing a. managing just fine, I see
    - jak się okazało as it turned out; as it transpired książk.
    - jak sam o tym często mówił as he himself often said
    - zjawił się w porze, kiedy, jak sądził, ojca nie będzie w domu he turned up at the time when, as he thought, his father would be out a. when he thought his father would be out
    - przedstawiciele rządu, jak premier, ministrowie… government representatives, such as a. like the prime minister, ministers…
    - pisał takie utwory, jak fraszki, bajki i satyry he wrote pieces such as a. things like epigrams, fables and satires
    - …jak również… as well as
    - w Brazylii, Argentynie jak również w Chile in Brazil and Argentina, as well as in Chile
    - zarówno w sobotę, jak i w niedzielę both on Saturday and Sunday, on Saturday as well as on Sunday
    - w szkole jak w szkole, nic nowego school’s the same as usual a. always: nothing new
    - mieszkanie jak mieszkanie, ale łazienka wspaniała the flat’s so-so, but the bathroom is great pot.
    - co jak co, ale gest to on ma whatever you think of him, he’s not tight-fisted
    - kto jak kto, ale ty powinieneś mnie zrozumieć you of all people should (be able to) understand me
    - komu jak komu, ale jemu możesz zaufać you can trust him more than anyone
    - kiedy jak kiedy, ale jutro musisz być punktualnie it wouldn’t matter normally, but tomorrow you must be on time
    - gdzie jak gdzie, ale w Warszawie znam każda ulicę other towns are okay too a. I know other towns fairly well, but I know Warsaw like the back of my hand
    - jak siedział w fotelu, tak siedzi he’s still sitting in the same armchair
    - jak kantowali, tak kantują they’re still short-changing us in the same old way pot.
    Ⅳ part. pot. (emfaza) jak to!? what do you mean?; how come? pot.
    - jak to, nie idziesz dziś do szkoły? what do you mean you’re not going to school today?
    - jak to, już czwarta? what, is it four (o’clock) already?
    - (i) jak nie lunie pot. the sky suddenly opened up
    - (i) jak nie ryknie, jak się nie wścieknie pot. he suddenly started ranting and raving pot.
    Ⅴ adv. jak najkrótszy/najdłuższy the shortest/longest possible
    - jak najtaniej/najbliżej as cheap/close as possible
    - z sąsiadami żyli w jak najlepszych stosunkach they were on the best of terms with their neighbours
    - nasze pożywienie powinno być jak najbardziej urozmaicone our diet should be as varied as possible
    - miał o niej jak najlepszą opinię he had a very high a. the highest opinion of her
    ■ jak ty komu, tak on tobie przysł. you get what you deserve

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > jajow|y

  • 8 Economy

       Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.
       For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.
       Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.
       Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.
       During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.
       After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Economy

  • 9 VETR

    (gen. vetrar, pl. vetr), m.
    1) winter; miðr v., midwinter; í v., this winter; v. verðr mikill, the winter becomes cold, severe; á vetri, í vetri, last winter;
    2) year (sextán vetra gamall); tíu vetrum síðarr, ten years later.
    * * *
    m., gen. vetrar, dat. vetri; pl., nom. and acc. vetr, gen. vetra, dat. vetrum: it was an assimilated form anciently written vettr or vittr, qs. vintr; vitrar or vittrar (gen.), Post. (Unger) 233; vettr is freq., esp. in N. G. L.; double consonants are in vellums difficult to distinguish from single, and so tt may well have been the current form, although the Edd. give the mod. form (vetr): in poets we find, m itt sextigu v ittra, Glúm, (in a verse): vintr occurs in Icel. ballads of the 15th century, see Þryml., Völs. R., Skáld H.R., but here it is merely an imitation of Danish originals, for the word in Icel. always took the assimilated form: [Ulf. wintrus = χειμών and ἔτος; A. S., Engl., and Germ. winter; Dan.-Swed. vinter, for the assimilation of nt into tt did not prevail in the south of Scandinavia, see Gramm. p. xxx, col. 1.]
    A. A winter; winter, like summer (see sumar), is a calendary period, containing 180 days, or six months of thirty days; the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke’s day (old style), or on St. Luke’s day, if a Saturday. In the Gregorian style, for 1872 and 1873, vetrar-dagr fyrsti, the first winter day = Saturday, the 26th of Oct.; miðr vetr, mid-winter, the 24th of Jan.; síðasti vetrar dagr, the last winter day = Wednesday, the 23rd of April; Laugardagr skal fyrstr vera í vetri, en þaðan skal vera sex mánuðr þrjátigi nátta til sumars, K. Þ. K. 166; vetr kemr laugardaginn er næstr er fyrir Lúkas-messu, en hana sjálfa ef hlaupár ferr eptir, Rb. 490; Drottins-dagr inn fyrsti í vetri skal vera inn þriði frá messu-degi Cosmi ok Damiani, Rb. 434: as a general term, í vetr, this winter, Nj. 4; hafa blót hvern vetr, Ó. H.; Miðr vetr, Mid-winter, see above; miðs vetrar skeið, mid-winter time, Fb. i. 204; miðs vetrar blót, a sacrificial feast at mid-winter, see miðr B; á vetri, or í vetri, see prepp. á and í; mikill vetr, a cold winter, Bs. i. 873; harðr, kaldr, Kominn er kaldr vetr, initial words of a hymn.
    II. = a year; as in A. S. days were reckoned by nights (see nótt), so years were counted by winters; in Ulfilas (Matt. ix. 20, Luke ii. 42, viii. 42) ἔτος is rendered by wintrus; and so at present in Icel., a person is so many ‘winters’ old; tólf vetra gamall, K. Þ. K. 134; sextán vetra gamall, Grág. i. 197; and ellipt. leaving out gamall, tólf vetra, Fms. i. 8; tíu vetrum síðarr, 61; sex tigi vetra konungr, Eg. 367; sjau vetr ena ársömu, Ver. 17 (of king Pharaoh’s dream); þeirra var vetrar-munr, difference in age of one year, Dropl. 7; for more references, see tigr B.
    III. mythol., Vetr, a giant, the son of Vindsvalr or Vindlóni, Vþm., Edda i. 82.
    COMPDS: vetrarblót, vetrarbók, vetrarbraut.
    2. astron. the milky way, in Icel. called vetrar-braut, undoubtedly from old heathen times, although the word happens not to occur in old writers; Icel. weather-prophets use in the autumn to forecast the course of the winter, by the appearance of the milky-way; this is evidently a very old custom, whence probably the name, for in old times fortune-telling used to take place at the great autumnal feasts and sacrifices, see the references s. v. völva. vetrar-dagr, m. a winter day, N. G. L. i. 348; á vetrardag, in the winter, Fms. viii. 50, Bs. i. 324, v. l.; fyrsti vetrardagr, D. N. vi. 143, Icel. Almanack. vetrar-far, n. the course of winter; sagði hón (the Sibyl) mönnum forlög sín ok vetrar-far ok aðra hluti, Fas. ii. 506; blótuðu þeir þá til friðar ok vetrarfars góðs, Fms. iv. 235. vetrar-höll, f. the winter hall, D. N. ii. 409. vetrar-langt, n. adj. the winter long, Fms. vii. 25. vetrar-megn, n. the depth of winter;þá var vetrarmegn ok treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6. vetrar-messa, u, f. ‘winter-mass’ = Oct. 14, D. N. vetrar-myki, f. winter-muck, manure, Gþl. 342. vetrar-nauð, f. ‘winter-need,’ a severe winter, Ísl. ii. 155, Lv. 206. vetrar-nótt, f. a winter’s night; þar skaltú sofa í ina fyrstu v., Fms. xi. 4. vetrar-ríki, n. = vetrarnauð, a severe winter, Eb. 290, Fbr. 41, v. l. vetrar-rúgr, m. winter rye, Gþl. 343. vetra-stefna, u, f. a winter term; nú vill hann til vetrar-stefnu jörð selja, fimmtán vetr, N. G. L. i. 92. vetra-tal, n. a number of winters, Rb. 508: years, fyrr rosknir at afli en vetra tali, Fms. i. 30, x. 230, 419. vetrar-tíð, f. winter-tide, Bb. 3. 34. vetrar-tími, a, m. winter-time, Stj. 69, 97, Bs. i. 324. vetrar-tungl, n. the winter moon, the moon when winter sets in, Icel. Almanack (Nov. 1, 1872).
    B. REAL COMPDS: vetrbeit, vetrbjörg, vetrgamall, vetrgata, vetrgemlingr, vetrgestr, vetrgrið, vetrhagi, vetrhluti, vetrhringr, vetrhús, vetrliði, vetrligr, vetrlægr, vetrmessa, vetrnætr, vetrrúgr, vetrseta, vetrseti, vetrtaka, vetrtökumaðr, vetrvist.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VETR

  • 10 Spain

       Portugal's independence and sovereignty as a nation-state are based on being separate from Spain. Achieving this on a peninsula where its only landward neighbor, Spain, is stronger, richer, larger, and more populous, raises interesting historical questions. Considering the disparity in size of population alone — Spain (as of 2000) had a population of 40 million, whereas Portugal's population numbered little over 10 million—how did Portugal maintain its sometimes precarious independence? If the Basques, Catalans, and Galicians succumbed to Castilian military and political dominance and were incorporated into greater Spain, how did little Portugal manage to survive the "Spanish menace?" A combination of factors enabled Portugal to keep free of Spain, despite the era of "Babylonian Captivity" (1580-1640). These include an intense Portuguese national spirit; foreign assistance in staving off Spanish invasions and attacks between the late 14th century and the mid l9th century, principally through the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance and some assistance from France; historical circumstances regarding Spain's own trials and tribulations and decline in power after 1600.
       In Portugal's long history, Castile and Leon (later "Spain," as unified in the 16th century) acted as a kind of Iberian mother and stepmother, present at Portugal's birth as well as at times when Portuguese independence was either in danger or lost. Portugal's birth as a separate state in the 12th century was in part a consequence of the king of Castile's granting the "County of Portucale" to a transplanted Burgundian count in the late 11th century. For centuries Castile, Leon, Aragon, and Portugal struggled for supremacy on the peninsula, until the Castilian army met defeat in 1385 at the battle of Aljubarrota, thus assuring Portugal's independence for nearly two centuries. Portugal and its overseas empire suffered considerably under rule by Phillipine Spain (1580-1640). Triumphant in the War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68), Portugal came to depend on its foreign alliances to provide a counterweight to a still menacing kindred neighbor. Under the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, England (later Great Britain) managed to help Portugal thwart more than a few Spanish invasion threats in the next centuries. Rumors and plots of Spain consuming Portugal continued during the 19th century and even during the first Portuguese republic's early years to 1914.
       Following difficult diplomatic relations during Spain's subsequent Second Republic (1931-36) and civil war (1936-39), Luso-Span-ish relations improved significantly under the authoritarian regimes that ruled both states until the mid-1970s. Portugal's prime minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar and Spain's generalissimo Francisco Franco signed nonaggression and other treaties, lent each other mutual support, and periodically consulted one another on vital questions. During this era (1939-74), there were relatively little trade, business, and cultural relations between the two neighbors, who mainly tended to ignore one another. Spain's economy developed more rapidly than Portugal's after 1950, and General Franco was quick to support the Estado Novo across the frontier if he perceived a threat to his fellow dictator's regime. In January 1962, for instance, Spanish army units approached the Portuguese frontier in case the abortive military coup at Beja (where a Portuguese oppositionist plot failed) threatened the Portuguese dictatorship.
       Since Portugal's Revolution of 25 April 1974, and the death of General Franco and the establishment of democracy in Spain (1975-78), Luso-Spanish relations have improved significantly. Portugal has experienced a great deal of Spanish investment, tourism, and other economic activities, since both Spain and Portugal became members of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1986.
       Yet, Portugal's relations with Spain have become closer still, with increased integration in the European Union. Portugal remains determined not to be confused with Spain, and whatever threat from across the frontier exists comes more from Spanish investment than from Spanish winds, marriages, and armies. The fact remains that Luso-Spanish relations are more open and mutually beneficial than perhaps at any other time in history.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Spain

  • 11 Socialist Party / Partido Socialista

    (PS)
       Although the Socialist Party's origins can be traced back to the 1850s, its existence has not been continuous. The party did not achieve or maintain a large base of support until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Historically, it played only a minor political role when compared to other European socialist parties.
       During the Estado Novo, the PS found it difficult to maintain a clandestine existence, and the already weak party literally withered away. Different groups and associations endeavored to keep socialist ideals alive, but they failed to create an organizational structure that would endure. In 1964, Mário Soares, Francisco Ramos da Costa, and Manuel Tito de Morais established the Portuguese Socialist Action / Acção Socialista Português (ASP) in Geneva, a group of individuals with similar views rather than a true political party. Most members were middle-class professionals committed to democratizing the nation. The rigidity of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) led some to join the ASP.
       By the early 1970s, ASP nuclei existed beyond Portugal in Paris, London, Rome, Brussels, Frankfurt, Sweden, and Switzerland; these consisted of members studying, working, teaching, researching, or in other activities. Extensive connections were developed with other foreign socialist parties. Changing conditions in Portugal, as well as the colonial wars, led several ASP members to advocate the creation of a real political party, strengthening the organization within Portugal, and positioning this to compete for power once the regime changed.
       The current PS was founded clandestinely on 19 April 1973, by a group of 27 exiled Portuguese and domestic ASP representatives at the Kurt Schumacher Academy of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Bad Munstereifel, West Germany. The founding philosophy was influenced by nondogmatic Marxism as militants sought to create a classless society. The rhetoric was to be revolutionary to outflank its competitors, especially the PCP, on its left. The party hoped to attract reform-minded Catholics and other groups that were committed to democracy but could not support the communists.
       At the time of the 1974 revolution, the PS was little more than an elite faction based mainly among exiles. It was weakly organized and had little grassroots support outside the major cities and larger towns. Its organization did not improve significantly until the campaign for the April 1975 constituent elections. Since then, the PS has become very pragmatic and moderate and has increasingly diluted its socialist program until it has become a center-left party. Among the party's most consistent principles in its platform since the late 1970s has been its support for Portugal's membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Union (EU), a view that clashed with those of its rivals to the left, especially the PCP. Given the PS's broad base of support, the increased distance between its leftist rhetoric and its more conservative actions has led to sharp internal divisions in the party. The PS and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) are now the two dominant parties in the Portuguese political party system.
       In doctrine and rhetoric the PS has undergone a de-Marxification and a movement toward the center as a means to challenge its principal rival for hegemony, the PSD. The uneven record of the PS in general elections since its victory in 1975, and sometimes its failure to keep strong legislative majorities, have discouraged voters. While the party lost the 1979 and 1980 general elections, it triumphed in the 1983 elections, when it won 36 percent of the vote, but it still did not gain an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic. The PSD led by Cavaco Silva dominated elections from 1985 to 1995, only to be defeated by the PS in the 1995 general elections. By 2000, the PS had conquered the commanding heights of the polity: President Jorge Sampaio had been reelected for a second term, PS prime minister António Guterres was entrenched, and the mayor of Lisbon was João Soares, son of the former socialist president, Mário Soares (1986-96).
       The ideological transformation of the PS occurred gradually after 1975, within the context of a strong PSD, an increasingly conservative electorate, and the de-Marxification of other European Socialist parties, including those in Germany and Scandinavia. While the PS paid less attention to the PCP on its left and more attention to the PSD, party leaders shed Marxist trappings. In the 1986 PS official program, for example, the text does not include the word Marxism.
       Despite the party's election victories in the mid- and late-1990s, the leadership discovered that their grasp of power and their hegemony in governance at various levels was threatened by various factors: President Jorge Sampaio's second term, the constitution mandated, had to be his last.
       Following the defeat of the PS by the PSD in the municipal elections of December 2001, Premier Antônio Guterres resigned his post, and President Sampaio dissolved parliament and called parliamentary elections for the spring. In the 17 March 2002 elections, following Guterres's resignation as party leader, the PS was defeated by the PSD by a vote of 40 percent to 38 percent. Among the factors that brought about the socialists' departure from office was the worsening post-September 11 economy and disarray within the PS leadership circles, as well as charges of corruption among PS office holders. However, the PS won 45 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections of 2005, and the leader of the party, José Sócrates, a self-described "market-oriented socialist" became prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Socialist Party / Partido Socialista

  • 12 Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 18 January 1888 London, England
    d. 27 January 1989 Stockbridge, Hampshire, England
    [br]
    English aeronautical engineer and industrialist.
    [br]
    Son of a successful mining engineer, Sopwith did not shine at school and, having been turned down by the Royal Navy as a result, attended an engineering college. His first interest was motor cars and, while still in his teens, he set up a business in London with a friend in order to sell them; he also took part in races and rallies.
    Sopwith's interest in aviation came initially through ballooning, and in 1906 he purchased his own balloon. Four years later, inspired by the recent flights across the Channel to France and after a joy-ride at Brooklands, he bought an Avis monoplane, followed by a larger biplane, and taught himself to fly. He was awarded the Royal Aero Society's Aviator Certificate No. 31 on 21 November 1910, and he quickly distinguished himself in flying competitions on both sides of the Atlantic and started his own flying school. In his races he was ably supported by his friend Fred Sigrist, a former motor engineer. Among the people Sopwith taught to fly were an Australian, Harry Hawker, and Major Hugh Trenchard, who later became the "father" of the RAF.
    In 1912, depressed by the poor quality of the aircraft on trial for the British Army, Sopwith, in conjunction with Hawker and Sigrist, bought a skating rink in Kingston-upon-Thames and, assisted by Fred Sigrist, started to design and build his first aircraft, the Sopwith Hybrid. He sold this to the Royal Navy in 1913, and the following year his aviation manufacturing company became the Sopwith Aviation Company Ltd. That year a seaplane version of his Sopwith Tabloid won the Schneider Trophy in the second running of this speed competition. During 1914–18, Sopwith concentrated on producing fighters (or "scouts" as they were then called), with the Pup, the Camel, the 1½ Strutter, the Snipe and the Sopwith Triplane proving among the best in the war. He also pioneered several ideas to make flying easier for the pilot, and in 1915 he patented his adjustable tailplane and his 1 ½ Strutter was the first aircraft to be fitted with air brakes. During the four years of the First World War, Sopwith Aviation designed thirty-two different aircraft types and produced over 16,000 aircraft.
    The end of the First World War brought recession to the aircraft industry and in 1920 Sopwith, like many others, put his company into receivership; none the less, he immediately launched a new, smaller company with Hawker, Sigrist and V.W.Eyre, which they called the H.G. Hawker Engineering Company Ltd to avoid any confusion with the former company. He began by producing cars and motor cycles under licence, but was determined to resume aircraft production. He suffered an early blow with the death of Hawker in an air crash in 1921, but soon began supplying aircraft to the Royal Air Force again. In this he was much helped by taking on a new designer, Sydney Camm, in 1923, and during the next decade they produced a number of military aircraft types, of which the Hart light bomber and the Fury fighter, the first to exceed 200 mph (322 km/h), were the best known. In the mid-1930s Sopwith began to build a large aviation empire, acquiring first the Gloster Aircraft Company and then, in quick succession, Armstrong-Whitworth, Armstrong-Siddeley Motors Ltd and its aero-engine counterpart, and A.V.Roe, which produced Avro aircraft. Under the umbrella of the Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Company (set up in 1935) these companies produced a series of outstanding aircraft, ranging from the Hawker Hurricane, through the Avro Lancaster to the Gloster Meteor, Britain's first in-service jet aircraft, and the Hawker Typhoon, Tempest and Hunter. When Sopwith retired as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1963 at the age of 75, a prototype jump-jet (the P-1127) was being tested, later to become the Harrier, a for cry from the fragile biplanes of 1910.
    Sopwith also had a passion for yachting and came close to wresting the America's Cup from the USA in 1934 when sailing his yacht Endeavour, which incorporated a number of features years ahead of their time; his greatest regret was that he failed in his attempts to win this famous yachting trophy for Britain. After his retirement as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group, he remained on the Board until 1978. The British aviation industry had been nationalized in April 1977, and Hawker Siddeley's aircraft interests merged with the British Aircraft Corporation to become British Aerospace (BAe). Nevertheless, by then the Group had built up a wide range of companies in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering, and its board conferred on Sopwith the title Founder and Life President.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1953. CBE 1918.
    Bibliography
    1961, "My first ten years in aviation", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (April) (a very informative and amusing paper).
    Further Reading
    A.Bramson, 1990, Pure Luck: The Authorized Biography of Sir Thomas Sopwith, 1888– 1989, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens.
    B.Robertson, 1970, Sopwith. The Man and His Aircraft, London (a detailed publication giving plans of all the Sopwith aircraft).
    CM / JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch

  • 13 rok

    Ⅰ m (G roku, N pl lata) 1. (jednostka rachuby czasu) year
    - rok bieżący/miniony a. przeszły a. zeszły/przyszły the current/past a. last/next year
    - dobry/zły/tragiczny rok a good/bad/tragic year
    - rok urodzenia the year of birth
    - jestem z 1949 roku I was born in 1949
    - to się wydarzyło w roku 1965 it happened in 1965
    - w tym roku pojedziemy do Włoch/zaczniemy budowę domu we’re going to Italy/starting to build a house this year
    - odwiedzam/zapraszam ich co rok a. co roku a. rok w rok I go to visit them/I invite them every year
    - raz do a. w roku wyjeżdża na wakacje/chodzi do dentysty once a year she would go on holiday/visit a dentist
    - dzieci przychodziły na świat rok po roku children came into the world year in year out
    - powierzchnia/liczba mieszkańców wyspy maleje z roku na rok a. z każdym rokiem the surface area/population of the island is getting smaller by the year
    - w ciągu tego roku/ostatnich lat udało mi się zaoszczędzić trochę pieniędzy within this year/the last few years I managed to put by some money
    - lata trzydzieste/pięćdziesiąte the thirties/fifties
    - akcja powieści rozgrywa się w latach czterdziestych XVIII wieku the action of the novel is set in the 1740s
    - w połowie lat osiemdziesiątych sytuacja zmieniła się in the mid-80s the situation changed
    2. (każde kolejne 365 dni) year
    - ile masz lat? how old are you?
    - jutro zaczynasz trzydziesty pierwszy rok życia tomorrow you’ll be thirty one
    - Basia wygląda/nie wygląda na swoje lata Basia certainly looks/doesn’t look her age
    - kobiety lubią ujmować sobie lat women like to deduct a few years from their age
    - nie dodawaj sobie lat don’t exaggerate your age
    - między nimi jest rok różnicy there’s a year’s difference between them
    - szkoda, że nie przyjechaliście rok/kilka lat wcześniej it’s a pity you didn’t come a year/a few years earlier
    - to było chyba dwa lata temu, a może przed rokiem I think it was two years ago, or maybe just a year
    - jutro upływa rok od jego śmierci/przyjazdu it’s a year tomorrow since his death/arrival
    - został skazany na pięć lat więzienia he was sentenced to five years imprisonment
    - minęło trzy i pół roku od tamtego wydarzenia three years and six months have passed since that event
    - minęło już trzy i pół roku odkąd tu mieszkamy we’ve been living here for three and a half years
    - za rok wychodzę za mąż I’m getting married in a year a. year’s time
    - za trzy lata skończy studia he will have finished his studies in three years
    - w rok po ślubie urodziła bliźniaki a year after getting married she had twins
    - lata mijają a. płyną the years pass
    - już rok z okładem a. z czymś temu obiecał do mnie zadzwonić a year or so a. just over a year ago he promised to phone me
    - sprowadziliśmy się tu przed dwoma laty we moved here two years ago
    3. Uniw. year
    - niższe/wyższe lata junior/senior years
    - jestem na trzecim roku prawa I’m in my third year of law
    - byliśmy na jednym roku we were in the same year
    - (po)zostać na drugi rok a. powtarzać rok to repeat a year of the course of study
    - przez chorobę stracił rok because of his illness he missed a year of his course of study
    4. (studenci) year
    - kolega z roku a colleague from the same class a. year at university
    - bal dla trzeciego roku a ball for the third year students
    Ⅱ lata plt (długi nieokreślony odcinek czasu) od lat for years
    - dyskusja/konflikt trwa od lat the discussion/conflict has lasted for years
    - na lata for years
    - to inwestycja/praca na lata this is an investment/work for years
    - ten odkurzacz starczy ci na lata this vacuum cleaner will last you for years
    - po latach years later
    - po latach przeczytałam tę książkę na nowo/ponownie odwiedziłam to miasto years later I reread that book/revisited that town
    - latami a. przez długie lata for years
    - latami a. przez lata marzyliśmy o własnym domu/podróży dookoła świata for years we dreamt of our own house/travelling around the world
    - przed laty a. dawnymi laty years ago
    - przed laty a. dawnymi laty była tu cukiernia years ago there was a cake shop here
    - z latami a. z biegiem lat with the years
    - z latami a. z biegiem lat nasza znajomość zmieniła się w przyjaźń with the years our acquaintanceship developed into friendship
    - ostatnimi laty over recent years
    - ostatnimi laty bardzo się postarzała in recent years she has really aged
    - od niepamiętnych lat from time immemorial
    - znamy się od niepamiętnych lat we’ve known each other for ages
    - □ rok akademicki a. uniwersytecki Uniw. academic year
    - rok bazowy Fin. base year
    - rok finansowy Fin. fiscal a. financial year
    - rok gospodarczy Ekon. production year
    - rok gwiazdowy Astron. sidereal year
    - rok jubileuszowy jubilee year
    - rok kalendarzowy calendar year
    - rok kościelny a. liturgiczny Relig. liturgical year, church year
    - rok obrachunkowy Ekon. financial year
    - rok pański Anno Domini, AD
    - roku pańskiego 1812. the year of our Lord, 1812
    - rok podatkowy Fin. tax year
    - rok przestępny leap year
    - rok szkolny Szkol. school year
    - rok świetlny Astron. light year
    - rok zerowy Uniw. foundation year, pre-freshman year US
    - rok zwrotnikowy Astron. solar year, tropical year
    - lata dziecinne childhood
    - lata dojrzałe adulthood
    - lata podeszłe old age
    - lata matuzalowe a. matuzalemowe advanced years
    - Rok Święty Relig. Holy Year
    ■ Nowy Rok the New Year
    - Szczęśliwego Nowego Roku! A Happy New Year!
    - Do siego roku! A Happy New Year!
    - być w latach a. leciechprzest. to be advanced in years
    - mieć swoje lata to be no spring chicken pot.
    - Sto lat! (formuła życzeń urodzinowych) many happy returns (of the day); (piosenka śpiewana jubilatom) ≈ For he’s/she’s a jolly good fellow!
    * * *
    - ku; lata; instr sg - kiem; m
    ( decl like nt in pl) year

    co roku — every lub each year

    w zeszłym/przyszłym roku — last/next year

    rok szkolny/akademicki — school/academic year

    z roku na rok — year in, year out

    * * *
    mi
    pl. lata Gen. lat year; co rok(u) every year, annually; raz do roku l. raz na rok once a year; dwa razy do roku twice a year; ponad rok (temu) over one l. a year (ago); przez cały rok all year long; przez okrągły rok all the year round; rok temu a year ago; rok po roku l. z roku na rok year in, year out; pod koniec roku at the end of the year, towards the end of the year; przed upływem roku before the year is out; w lutym/kwietniu zeszłego/przyszłego roku last/next February/April; w nadchodzącym roku in the coming year; w piętnastym roku życia at fifteen (years old); w połowie roku at midyear; dobry rok (dla czegoś) vintage year (for sth); rok akademicki academic year; rok budżetowy budget year; rok finansowy l. obrachunkowy financial year; rok kalendarzowy calendar year; rok podatkowy tax year; rok przestępny leap year, bissextile; rok szkolny school year; rok świetlny astron. light year; Rok Święty Holy Year; rok zwrotnikowy astronomical year, solar year; rok zwykły (= nieprzestępny) common year; nowy rok (= nadchodzący l. niedawno rozpoczęty) New Year; Nowy Rok ( 1 stycznia) New Year's Day; powitać nowy rok see in the New Year; Szczęśliwego Nowego Roku! Happy New Year!; Roku Pańskiego Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord; pora roku season; minął rok a year passed; por. lata.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > rok

  • 14 in

    [ɪn] prep
    1) ( enclosed in) in +dat;
    the butter is \in the fridge die Butter ist im Kühlschrank;
    they live \in a cottage sie wohnen in einer Hütte;
    to be \in bed im Bett sein;
    to ride \in a car [im] Auto fahren;
    he likes swimming \in lakes er schwimmt gerne in Seen;
    it was covered \in dirt es war mit Schmutz überzogen;
    to lie \in the sun in der Sonne baden [o liegen];
    to find information \in the internet Informationen im Internet finden;
    she has over $100,000 \in a savings account sie hat über $100.000 auf einem Sparkonto;
    I've got a pain \in my back ich habe Schmerzen im Rücken;
    \in sb's head in jds Kopf;
    I never know what's going on \in her head ich weiß nie, was in ihrem Kopf vorgeht;
    to be \in hospital im Krankenhaus sein;
    to be \in and out of sth immer wieder in etw dat sein;
    she's been \in and out of hospitals ever since the accident sie war seit dem Unfall immer wieder im Krankenhaus
    2) ( surrounded by) in +dat;
    there are several gangs \in my neighbourhood in meiner Umgebung gab es mehrere Gangs;
    down below \in the valley unten im Tal;
    I got stuck \in a traffic jam ich bin in einen Stau gekommen;
    to stand \in the road auf der Straße sehen;
    the ducks swam \in the pond die Enten schwammen im Teich;
    I live \in New York ich lebe in New York;
    to look at oneself \in the mirror sich akk im Spiegel betrachten;
    \in the middle of sth in der Mitte von etw dat
    3) ( visible through) in +dat;
    \in the window im Fenster;
    the lady stood \in the doorway die Frau stand im Eingang
    4) after vb ( into) in +dat;
    to get \in the car ins Auto steigen;
    I just put too much milk \in my coffee ich habe zu viel Milch in meinen Kaffee getan;
    they decided to invest their savings \in stocks sie entschieden sich dazu, ihre Ersparnisse in Aktien anzulegen;
    to invest \in the future in die Zukunft investieren
    5) (Am) (at) auf +dat;
    is Erika still \in school? ist Erika noch auf der Schule?;
    Boris is \in college Boris ist auf dem College
    6) ( as part of) in +dat;
    who's the woman \in that painting? wer ist die Frau auf diesem Bild?;
    he was singer \in a band er war Sänger in einer Band;
    over 20 horses were \in the race an dem Rennen nahmen 20 Pferde teil;
    he looked for her face \in the crowd er suchte ihre Gesicht in der Menge;
    these themes can often be found \in Schiller diese Themen kommen bei Schiller oft vor;
    what do you look for \in a relationship? was erwartest du in einer Beziehung?;
    you're with us \in our thoughts wir denken an dich
    \in sth in etw dat;
    she works \in publishing sie arbeitet bei einem Verlag;
    they enlisted \in the army for two years sie verpflichteten sich für zwei Jahre als Soldaten;
    a degree \in sth ein Abschluss in etw dat;
    \in search of sb/ sth auf der Suche nach jdm/etw
    8) ( dressed) in +dat;
    the man [dressed] \in the grey suit der Mann in dem grauen Anzug;
    you look nice \in green grün steht dir;
    \in the nude nackt;
    to sunbathe \in the nude nackt sonnenbaden
    9) ( expressed as) oil paint, watercolour mit +dat;
    cheques should be written \in ink Schecks sollten mit Tinte ausgefüllt werden; French, English auf +dat;
    they spoke \in Russian the whole time sie sprachen die ganze Zeit auf Russisch;
    can you give me that offer \in writing? können Sie mir dieses Angebot schriftlich geben?;
    \in a small voice mit leiser Stimme;
    \in all honesty in aller Aufrichtigkeit;
    to tell sb sth \in all seriousness jdm etw in vollem Ernst sagen;
    to pay \in dollars mit [o in] Dollar zahlen;
    to write \in short simple sentences in kurzen einfachen Sätzen schreiben;
    to swear \in an oath einen Eid schwören;
    she told me \in a promise that she would wait for me sie hat mir versprochen, auf mich zu warten;
    to say sth \in a nutshell etw in aller Kürze sagen;
    \in conclusion schließlich, zum Schluss;
    he always talks \in a whisper er spricht immer sehr leise;
    to speak to sb \in a normal tone of voice sich akk mit jdm normal unterhalten;
    to listen to music \in stereo Musik stereo hören;
    Mozart's Piano Concerto \in E flat Mozarts Klavierkonzert in E-Moll;
    \in fact tatsächlich, in Wirklichkeit;
    \in the form of sth in Form von dat;
    \in the form of a request in Form einer Anfrage
    10) ( during) am +dat, in +dat;
    \in the morning/ evening am Morgen/Abend;
    did you hear the thunder \in the night? hast du heute Nacht den Donner gehört?;
    \in the autumn/ spring im Herbst/Frühling;
    we're going to Italy \in April wir fahren im April nach Italien;
    \in the late 60s in den späten Sechzigern;
    they met \in 1885 sie trafen sich 1885;
    she hasn't heard from him \in six months sie hat seit sechs Monaten nichts mehr von ihm gehört;
    I haven't done that \in a long time ich habe das lange Zeit nicht mehr gemacht;
    to be with the Lord \in eternity bei Gott im Himmel sein;
    \in the aftermath of the earthquake in der Zeit nach dem Erdbeben
    11) ( at later time) in +dat;
    dinner will be ready \in ten minutes das Essen ist in zehn Minuten fertig;
    \in the end am Ende, schließlich
    12) ( no later than) in +dat;
    \in two weeks;
    we need that contract signed \in two days der Vertrag muss in zwei Tagen unterzeichnet sein;
    they completed the journey \in record time sie haben die Reise in einer Rekordzeit beendet
    13) ( at distance of) nach +dat;
    the house should be coming up \in about one mile das Haus müsste nach einer Meile auftauchen
    14) (expressing state, condition) in +dat;
    \in anger im Zorn;
    \in horror voller Entsetzen;
    to live \in luxury im Luxus leben;
    \in the secret im Geheimen, heimlich;
    \in private vertraulich;
    she was \in stress at the moment sie war gerade im Stress;
    he left \in a hurry sie ging in aller Eile davon;
    to be \in doubt zweifeln;
    to get \in trouble Schwierigkeiten bekommen;
    he cried out \in pain er schrie vor Schmerzen;
    she was \in a good mood that day ihre Stimmung an diesem Tag war gut;
    he always drinks \in excess er trinkt immer zu viel;
    to be \in no doubt nicht an etw dat zweifeln;
    to fall \in love [with sb] sich akk [in jdn] verlieben;
    to come \in question in Frage gestellt werden;
    \in a state of sth in einem Zustand von etw dat;
    \in a state of panic in Panik;
    everything is \in a state of chaos alles ist in einem chaotischen Zustand;
    \in his excitement in seiner Begeisterung
    \in exchange als Ersatz, dafür;
    \in response to als Antwort auf +akk;
    \in reply [or answer] to als Reaktion [o Antwort] auf +akk;
    \in refusing to work abroad, she missed a good job weil sie sich weigerte, im Ausland zu arbeiten, entging ihr ein guter Job;
    \in doing so dabei, damit;
    \in that... ( form) insofern als;
    I was fortunate \in that I had friends ich hatte Glück, weil ich Freunde hatte
    16) ( arranged as) in +dat;
    then we sat down \in a circle wir setzten uns in einem Kreis hin;
    get together \in groups of four! bildet Vierergruppen!;
    sometimes customers buy books \in twos manchmal kaufen Kunden Bücher doppelt;
    slice the potatoes \in two beforehand! schneiden Sie die Kartoffel vorher einmal durch!;
    to die \in their thousands zu Tausenden sterben;
    he ripped up the note \in pieces er zerriss den Notizzettel in kleine Fetzen;
    \in total insgesamt
    17) ( comparing amounts) pro +dat;
    six pence \in the pound sechs Pennys pro Pfund;
    one \in ten people jeder zehnte;
    she has a one \in three chance ihre Chancen stehen eins zu drei;
    there's nothing [or not much] [or very little] \in it da ist kein großer Unterschied
    he is deaf \in his left ear er hört auf dem linken Ohr nichts;
    to be equal \in weight gleich viel wiegen;
    he's about six foot \in height er ist ca. zwei Meter groß;
    dark \in colour dunkelfarbig;
    difference \in quality Qualitätsunterschied m;
    it's not \in his nature es liegt nicht in seiner Natur;
    \in every respect in jeder Hinsicht;
    \in sb mit jdm;
    \in Kim, he's got a very good friend as well as a lover mit Kim hat er eine sehr gute Freundin und Liebhaberin;
    it isn't \in sb to do sth jd ist nicht zu etw dat in der Lage;
    it's not \in me to lie ich kann nicht lügen;
    to not have it \in one to do sth nicht in der Lage sein, etw zu tun
    19) ( approximately) in +dat;
    to be \in one's forties in den Vierzigern sein;
    temperatures tomorrow will be \in the mid-twenties die Temperaturen bewegen sich um 25 Grad
    to assist a doctor \in an operation einem Arzt bei einer Operation assistieren;
    the whole family shared \in his success die ganze Familie nahm Anteil an seinem Erfolg;
    don't interfere \in my business unasked! mische dich nicht ungefragt in meine Angelegenheiten ein!;
    she's interested \in photography sie interessiert sich für Fotografie after n
    we have confidence \in you wir vertrauen dir;
    she had no say \in the decision sie hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung;
    a change \in sth eine Änderung in etw dat;
    she underwent a change \in style sie hat ihren Stil geändert
    \in sth anstatt etw +dat;
    he came to the party \in his friend's place er kam anstatt seinem Freund auf die Party;
    \in God's/ heaven's name um Gottes/Himmels willen;
    \in lieu of sth anstelle von, anstatt
    PHRASES:
    to put one's foot \in one's mouth [or it] ins Fettnäpfchen treten;
    to follow \in sb's footsteps in jds Fußstapfen treten;
    \in hell ( fam) überhaupt;
    \in line übereinstimmend;
    they tried to keep their children \in line sie versuchten, die Kinder bei der Stange zu halten;
    to put sb \in their place jdn in seine Schranken weisen;
    to leave sth \in one's wake etw zur Folge haben;
    \in stereo gleichzeitig;
    \in all insgesamt;
    there were 10 of us \in all wir waren zu zehnt;
    all \in all alles in allem;
    all \in all it's been a good year insgesamt gesehen war es ein gutes Jahr adv
    1) ( into sth and hither) herein;
    come \in! herein!;
    the sea was freezing, but \in she went das Meer war eiskalt, doch sie kannte nichts und ging hinein
    2) ( there) da;
    ( at home) zu Hause;
    is David \in? ist David da?;
    to have a quiet evening \in einen ruhigen Abend zu Hause verbringen
    to be due \in fällig sein;
    the train is due \in any moment now der Zug müsste jetzt jeden Moment [an]kommen;
    ( towards land) landeinwärts;
    the tide comes \in very quickly here die Flut kommt hier sehr rasch herein;
    we stood on the harbour for a while watching the ship come \in wir standen eine Zeitlang am Hafen und beobachteten das einlaufende Schiff
    4) ( inside) nach innen;
    could you bring the clothes \in? könntest du die Wäsche 'reinholen?;
    I didn't hear you come \in ich habe dich nicht [ins Haus] kommen hören;
    the farmer brought the harvest \in der Bauer brachte die Ernte ein;
    the roof of their house caved \in das Dach ihres Hauses fiel in sich zusammen
    5) ( submitted)
    to get [or hand] sth \in etw abgeben [o einreichen];
    when does your essay have to be \in? wann musst du deinen Essay abgeben?
    the ball was definitely \in! der Ball war keineswegs im Aus!;
    to be \in player am Ball sein
    7) ( take part)
    to go \in for sth an etw dat teilnehmen;
    I never went \in for collecting stamps mit Briefmarken sammeln habe ich mich nie abgegeben
    PHRASES:
    day \in, day out tagein, tagaus;
    \in between dazwischen;
    to be \in for sth sich akk auf etw akk gefasst machen müssen;
    to be \in for it sich akk auf etw akk gefasst machen können;
    to be \in on sth über etw akk Bescheid wissen;
    to be \in with sb mit jdm zusammen sein;
    to get \in with sb sich akk bei jdm lieb Kind machen ( fam)
    to let sb \in on sth jdm etw verraten adj
    1) ( leading in) einwärts;
    the door \in opens inwards die Tür hinein geht nach innen auf;
    \in basket Behälter m für eingehende Postsendungen
    2) ( in fashion) in;
    to be \in in [o ( fam) hipp] sein;
    to be the \in place to dance/ dine als Tanzlokal/Restaurant in sein ( fam)
    he's \in with the boss at the moment zurzeit ist er beim Chef gut angeschrieben;
    she just says those things to get \in with the teacher die sagt so was doch bloß, um sich beim Lehrer lieb Kind zu machen
    4) pred ( in season) reif;
    pumpkins are \in! Kürbisse jetzt frisch! n
    ( connection) Kontakt[e] m[pl];
    he wants to get involved with that group but doesn't have an \in er würde gern mit dieser Gruppe in Kontakt kommen, aber bis jetzt fehlt ihm die Eintrittskarte
    PHRASES:
    the \ins and outs of sth jedes kleine Detail einer S. gen;
    to understand the \ins and outs of sth etw hundertprozentig verstehen

    English-German students dictionary > in

  • 15 Santos, José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso

    (1929-1987)
       Balladeer, singer, poet, musician, composer, and teacher. Known to the public simply as "Zeca" or "José Afonso," he was a student poet, singer, and musician in the 1950s, and premier interpreter of Coimbra fado, creator of a new school of fado music, and leader of a reform movement in popular music. Using his distinctive musical compositions, appealing baritone singing voice, and iconoclastic lyrics of resistance to tyranny, Afonso Santos employed his poetic and musical gifts as instruments of resistance and opposition to the enduring Estado Novo. Two recorded songs became early shots in this war: Balada de Outono (Autumn's Ballad) and Menino d'Oiro (Golden Boy). With diverse, subversive meanings usually disguised in allegory, his lyrics and style eschewed the traditional Coimbra fado's fare of broad sentiment and unrequited love. Instead, Afonso presented new ballads with contemporary resonance. In the mid-1960s, when so many Portuguese youth were drafted and mobilized for Portugal's colonial wars in Africa, he lived and taught school in Mozambique, where he organized opposition to the regime. Later in that colony, he was arrested by the PIDE.
       After his return to Portugal, Afonso's reputation as a rebel ballad-eer grew; among his most celebrated recorded ballads were Cantigas de Maio (Songs of May, 1971) and Venham Mais Cinco (Five More Came, 1973). His famous revolutionary, rallying song, Grândola, Vila Morena, banned by the Estado Novo before 1974, became the single most famous piece of Portuguese revolutionary music in the second half of the 20th century. Grândola featured Afonso's voice and lyrics and expressed a clearly leftist ideology and resistance to tyranny, to the background sounds of marching feet growing louder. Selected by the coup planners of the Armed Forces Movement as a signal for action, a secret password sign to be played over Lisbon radio at about midnight on 24/25 April 1974, this remarkable song acquired new fame and a place in history as both an actual signal for rebel military operations to begin and an enduring revolutionary rallying cry. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Grândola became the most potent symbol of the move to topple the Estado Novo and open the way for profound change, as well as a musical icon, equaled only by the iconographic red carnation. The first stanza of Afonso's lyrics, translated from the Portuguese, is: Grândola, dark-brown town, Homeland of Brotherhood The people have more power within you, oh city....

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Santos, José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso

  • 16 Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard

    [br]
    b. 26 April 1769 Hacqueville, Normandy, France
    d. 12 December 1849 London, England
    [br]
    French (naturalized American) engineer of the first Thames Tunnel.
    [br]
    His mother died when he was 7 years old, a year later he went to college in Gisors and later to the Seminary of Sainte-Nicaise at Rouen. From 1786 to 1792 he followed a career in the French navy as a junior officer. In Rouen he met Sophie Kingdom, daughter of a British Navy contractor, whom he was later to marry. In July 1793 Marc sailed for America from Le Havre. He was to remain there for six years, and became an American citizen, occupying himself as a land surveyor and as an architect. He became Chief Engineer to the City of New York. At General Hamilton's dinner table he learned that the British Navy used over 100,000 ship's blocks every year; this started him thinking how the manufacture of blocks could be mechanized. He roughed out a set of machines to do the job, resigned his post as Chief Engineer and sailed for England in February 1799.
    In London he was shortly introduced to Henry Maudslay, to whom he showed the drawings of his proposed machines and with whom he placed an order for their manufacture. The first machines were completed by mid-1803. Altogether Maudslay produced twenty-one machines for preparing the shells, sixteen for preparing the sheaves and eight other machines.
    In February 1809 he saw troops at Portsmouth returning from Corunna, the victors, with their lacerated feet bound in rags. He resolved to mechanize the production of boots for the Army and, within a few months, had twenty-four disabled soldiers working the machinery he had invented and installed near his Battersea sawmill. The plant could produce 400 pairs of boots and shoes a day, selling at between 9s. 6d. and 20s. a pair. One day in 1817 at Chatham dockyard he observed a piece of scrap keel timber, showing the ravages wrought by the shipworm, Teredo navalis, which, with its proboscis protected by two jagged concave triangular shells, consumes, digests and finally excretes the ship's timbers as it gnaws its way through them. The excreted material provided material for lining the walls of the tunnel the worm had drilled. Brunel decided to imitate the action of the shipworm on a large scale: the Thames Tunnel was to occupy Marc Brunel for most of the remainder of his life. Boring started in March 1825 and was completed by March 1843. The project lay dormant for long periods, but eventually the 1,200 ft (366 m)-long tunnel was completed. Marc Isambard Brunel died at the age of 80 and was buried at Kensal Green cemetery.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1814. Vice-President, Royal Society 1832.
    Further Reading
    P.Clements, 1970, Marc Isambard Brunel, London: Longmans Green.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard

  • 17 MÁL

    * * *
    I)
    n.
    1) speech, faculty of speech (þrøngdi svá sóttarfari konungs, at hann misti málsins);
    þau hafa ekki mál, they are dumb;
    2) language, tongue;
    norrønt mál, the Norse tongue;
    3) speech, speaking (hvárt er Flosi svá nær, at hann megi heyra mál mitt);
    4) colloquy, talk, speech;
    koma á mál (or at máli) við e-n, to come to talk with, speak to;
    finna (hitta) e-n at máli, to obtain speech with;
    krefja e-n máls, to ask an interview with;
    leita mills við e-n (spyrja e-n máls, mæla mál of e-m), to broach a subject to one;
    bera mál á e-t, hafa e-t á (or at) máli, to speak (talk) of (allir menn höfðu á máli, hversu fríðr maðr hann var);
    lúka sínu máli, to end one’s speech;
    þat er mál manna, at, people say that;
    5) tale, story;
    nú er þar til máls at taka, now it must be told;
    6) saw, saying;
    fornt (fornkveðit) mál er, at, it is an old saw that;
    7) diction, construction of sentences;
    tvau mál, two sentences;
    fullt mál, a full period;
    9) suit, action, cause;
    hefja mál á hendr e-m, to bring an action against one;
    búa mál, to prepare a suit;
    sœkja mál, to prosecute;
    10) stipulation, agreement (ek vil halda mil við hann þan, sem mælt vóru);
    lauss allra mála, free of all stipulations;
    11) case, matter, affair (þetta mál var við Jórunni rœtt);
    svá er mál með vexti, the matter stands thus;
    var þat annat mál, another matter;
    miðla mál, to mediate;
    tillagagóðr inna stœrri mála, a good counsellor in great matters;
    hafa sitt mál, to have one’s own way, have one’s will (honum eirir illa, of hann hefir eigi sitt mál);
    hafa mikit til síns máls, to have much in support of one’s case;
    e-t skiptir miklu (litlu) máli, it is of great (small) importance;
    12) three months (mál ok misseri).
    n.
    1) measure (fimm álna er hátt mál hans);
    leggja, bera mál við e-t, to measure (hann lagði mál við öll in stœrstu tré);
    2) time, high time (mál er upp at standa);
    sagði, at þá var mið nótt ók at enn væri mál at sofa, and still time to sleep;
    3) meal;
    í eitt mál, at einu máli, for one single meal;
    deila mat at málum, to deal out food at each meal.
    n. inlaid ornaments (on the hilts and guards of swords).
    * * *
    1.
    n., old pl. m́l, 673. 47, Greg.; [Ulf. maþl = ἀγορά; Hel. mahal = speech, meeting; Dan. maal; from the old Teut. maþl or mahal was formed the mid. Lat. mallum = parliament, public meeting (Du Cange), and mallum again was in Norman-French rendered by parliament.]
    A. Speech, faculty of speech; mál heitir orð …, Edda 110; þau hafa ekki mál, they are dumb, Fms. i. 97, Fs. i. 250; þröngdi svá sóttar-fari konungs at hann misti málsins, x. 148; þeir hafa eigi manns rödd né mál, Rb. 348; þeir hafa gauð fyrir mál, 346; mál, heyrn, sjón, Edda 6.
    II. speech as spoken, language, tongue; Norrænt mál, the Norse tongue, Fms. vii. 165; Gírskt mál, Greg. 75; í máli þeirra, til várs máls, in our tongue; í hverju máli, Skálda 161, 168; í vóru máli, 163, 166, 167, 169; í málinu, 165; kynnask várt mál at ráða þat er á Norrænu er ritað, Bs. i. 59; nema mál á Danska tungu, Grág.; rita at Norrænu máli, Hkr. (pref.); þeir skildu eigi hans mál, þá mælti kvinnan á Norrænu, Fs. 136.
    2. speech, speaking; hvárt er Flosi svá nær at hann megi heyra mál mitt, Nj. 36, 200; ver eigi nær honum en mál nemi, Fms. iv. 28; en skáldskapr var honum svá tiltækr, at hann mælti af tungu fram sem annat mál, 374; engi var svá vitr at snjallara mál mundi fram bera, vii. 158; snjallr í máli ok talaðr vel. ix. 535; skilr þú nokkut hérmanna mál, Fas. ii. 512; en er hann lauk sínu máli, Ld. 106, 130, Íb. 12; ok fara svá öllu máli um sem hann hafi áðr ekki um mælt, Grág. i. 40; ef hann kveðr svá at ok hafði í máli sínu, ‘heilt ráð ok heimolt,’ en eigi ella, 317; kveðr jarl þings ok mælti þeim málum á þinginu at Hákon jarl skyldi heita vargr í véum, Fms. xi. 40; tína fyrir mér öll þau mál ok athæfi er hafa þarf fyrir konungi, Sks. 301.
    3. speaking one to another, colloquy; vera á máli, to deliberate, converse, Vtkv., 1; hann kom opt á mál við konung, Eg. 106; engi þorði at krefja hann máls, 601; Þórdís gékk til máls við Egil frænda sinn, 765; þegar er þeir fundu menn at máli, Fms. i. 204; ef þeir vildu hafa hans mál, 241; síðan hættu þau málinu, Nj. 10; hann leitaði þá máls um við Ásgerði hverju þat gegndi, Eg. 703; ok spyrja hana máls hvar til þessi svör skulu koma, Hkr. i. 77; þat var karl ok kerling, mælti hann mál af þeim ok spurði, Fas. iii. 525; höfðu menn at máli (people noticed, of something extraordinary), at…, Fms. vii. 301; allir menn höfðu á máli, er Ólaf sá, hversu fríðr maðr hann var, Ld. 88; bera mikit mál á, Fms. x. 93; þat var mál manna, people said that; or, þat er mál manna, people say, Nj. 268, Eg. 29, Fms. vii. 150.
    4. a tale, narrative; nú er þat til máls at taka (of resuming the narrative after an episode), to take up the story again, Ld. 314, Nj. 16, 29, 135, 148, 196; er fyrr var getið í þessu máli, Fms. xi. 41; þar hef ek upp þat mál, Eg. 735.
    5. a saw; þat er fornt mál (‘tis an old saw), at bísna skal at betr verði, Fms. x. 261, Glúm. 344; á líti þeir mál in fornu, look to the old wise sayings, Sighvat (forn-mæli, q. v.)
    6. gramm. diction, construction of sentences; mál ok hættir, Edda 49; ef þat mál ( figure of speech) er upp er tekit haldi of alla vísu-lengd, 123; breyta háttum með máli einu, to vary the verses with the sentences, Edda 124 (for specimens see lit. 9–23); tvau mál, two sentences; fullt mál, a full period; hér lýkr máli, lúka heilu máli, a sentence closes; annat ok þriðja vísu-orð er sér um mál, ok er þat stál kallat, of the intercalary sentences in poetry, Edda 125; þeir kölluðu at hann hafði eigi rétt ort at máli, Fms. v. 209; samhljóðendr megu ekki mál eðr atkvæði göra einir við sik, Skálda; hér er mál fullt í hverju vísu-orði, Edda; Skáldskapar-mál, poetical diction, id.; bragar-mál, id., 124.
    7. mál is the name of old songs containing old saws or sentences, such as the Háva-mál; as also of poems in a dialogue (mál); all such poems were in a peculiar metre called mála-háttr, which is opposed to the epic kviðu-háttr, thus, Grímnis-mál, Vafþrúðnis-mál, Alvís-mál, Hamðis-mál, Hákonar-mál, Eiríks-mál; in some instances the name has been applied erroneously, e. g. Atla-mál; the Rígs-mál is a name given in modern times, the old name was Rígs-þula.
    B. As a law phrase, with the notion of public speaking, action, or the like:
    1. a suit, action, cause; hefja mál á hendr e-m, Fms. vii. 130; hafa mál á höndum, Grág. i. 38; sókn skal fyrr fara fram hvers máls en vörn, nema þat sé allt eitt, ok sé þat annars máls sókn er annars er vörn, 59; Njáll nefndi vátta ok sagði únýtt málit, Nj. 36; ekki á Bjarkeyjar-réttr á því máli at standa, Fms. vii. 130; þeir veittu Gizuri hvíta at hverju máli, Nj. 86; báru þeir kvið um mál Otkels, 87; færa mál fram at dómi, Grág, i. 135; sækja mál, to prosecute, Nj. 86, 99; sækja mál lögliga ok réttliga, Fms. vii. 133; Gunnarr sótti málit þar til er hann bauð til varna, Nj. 36; en um tólf mánuðr stendr þeirra mál, the case stands over for twelve months, Grág. i. 143; sækja mál á þingi, Nj. 36; færa vörn fyrir mál, 87; mál kemr í dóm, Glúm. 365; höfða mál, to institute a suit, Grág. i. 142; búa mál, to prepare a suit, of the preliminaries, Glúm. 365, passim; leggja mál undir e-n (as umpire), Nj. 105; hafa sitt mál, to get one’s verdict, win the suit, passim; vera borinn máli, to be cast, convicted, N. G. L. i. 122: to be beaten, get the worst, passim: vígs-mál, legorðs-mál, fé-mál, etc.
    2. an indictment, charge;þá eru þeir varðir máli ef þeir fá þann bjargkvið, Grág. i. 54; ok versk hann þá málinu, 317; at upp skyldi vera rannsókn en þau ór málinu ef hann hittisk eigi þar, Ld. 44; ek vil svara því máli, I will answer that charge, Nj. 99; ok bað Sigurð Hranason svara þar málum fyrir sik, Fms. vii. 130; á hann kost at láta varða skóggang eða görtæki, ef hann vill til hins meira máls færa ok skal hann stefna ok láta varða skóggang, Grág. i. 430; hann spurði alla ena beztu menn, hvert mál þeim þætti Gunnarr eiga á þeim nöfnum fyrir fjörráðin, Nj. 105; leynd mál, hidden charges, Grág. i. 362.
    3. procedure, order; at alþingis-máli réttu ok allsherjar-lögum, Nj. 87: pleading, enda er svá sem þeir mæli eigi þeim m́lum nema þeir vinni eiða at, Grág. ii. 342.
    4. stipulation, agreement; mál meginlig, Vsp.; bregða máli, Grág. i. 148; ok skilja þeir eigi þat mál görr, en svá, 136; nema þau vili annat mál á göra, 336; en ek skal lauss allra mála ef hann kemr eigi svá út, Ísl. ii. 217; skulu þeirra manna mál standask, Grág. i. 296: engagement, ok vitja málanna fyrir hönd okkra beggja, Fms. xi. 104.
    5. transactions; en hvert sem at þessum málum var setið lengr eða skemr, Ld. 22.
    6. a case; lá ek þá í vöggu er þær skyldu tala um mitt mál, Fas. i. 340; mál hans stendr í miklum háska, Mar.; en þó skaltu svá um þitt mál hugsa, … at þá munt þú skamt eiga úlifat, Nj. 85; at hvárir-tveggju hafi nakkvat síns máls, Jb. 12; þat er mál Sigurðar konungs at mæla til Inga konungs, Fms. vii. 221; festi járnburð, at svá skyldi sanna mál hans, 230; honum eirir ílla ef hann hefir eigi sitt mál, Ísl. ii. 237; þá skal sá þeirra hafa sitt mál er eið vill at vinna, Grág. i. 393; Þórólfr bað Ölvi byrja mál sitt við konung, Eg. 62; at vit fáim rétt af þessu máli, 40; flytja mál sitt, Ld. 180; muntú mér verða at trúa til málanna þinna allra, Fms. xi. 104; allir er eiðsvarar erut við þetta mál, Nj. 192; eiga síðan allt mitt mál undir yðr fóstbræðrum, Fas. ii. 532; þetta mál var við Jórunni rætt, Ld. 22; þykki mér nú vandast málit, Nj. 4; svá er mál með vexti, the case is this, Lv. 43, Fas. iii. 59; var þat annat m., another affair, Nj. 256; ekki eru þau efni í um várt mál, Ld. 76; konungr átti dóm á þeirra máli, id.; ber hann upp fyrir bróður sinn málit, hann berr upp málit ok biðr Unnar, ok undra ek er þú ferr með því máli, Fas. i. 364; Austmaðrinn heldr nú á málinu við bónda Nj. 259; ef þér vilit göra málit at álitum, 3; svara þessu máli, Fms. vii. 124; miðla mál, to mediate, Íb. 12; inna stærri mála, in important cases, Nj. 2.
    7. special phrases, e-t skiptir miklu, litlu … máli, to bear much or little upon a case, to be of great (small …) importance, Eg. 742, Ó. H. 31, passim: skiptir þá eigi máli, Grág. i. 43; varða máli, id.; ef honum þætti máli varða at hann næði því, Rd. 260: þú kvaddir þess kviðar er eigi átti máli at skipta um víg Auðúlfs, who had no concern with the slaying of A., Nj. 87.
    C. COMPDS, máls- and mála-: máls-afglöpun, f. a false or collusive action, whereby the suit is lost, Grág. i. 494. máls-bót, f. an excuse, exculpation, Fms. vii. 207; esp. in plur., hafa sér e-ð til málsbóta, to use as an excuse. mála-efni, n. pl. a cause, its circumstances and nature, Nj. 47, Háv. 51; íll málaefni, a bad case, Fs. 41. 138, Ó. H. 150, Band. 12. máls-endi, a, m., see málsemd. máls-eyrendi, n. a discourse, Sturl. i. 140. mála-ferli, n. pl. lawsuits, litigation, Fs. 47, Eg. 644, Nj. 78, Sturl. i. 105, Fær. 109. mála-flutningr, m. the conduct of a suit, Hrafn. 17. mála-fylgjumaðr ( mála-fylgismaðr), m. a lawyer; mikill m., a great taker up of suits, Nj. 1, Bs. i. 82. máls-fylling, f. the conclusion of a case, Fb. iii. 451. máls-grein, f. a sentence, Skálda 174, 181, Bs. i. 753 ( a passage in a letter): a phrase, Stj. 79, Edda 49; partr málsgreinar = pars orationis, Skálda 180: diction, style, Edda 120. mála-háttr, m. [mál, háttr], a kind of metre, Edda 142, where a specimen is given. máls-hattr, m. a phrase, Stj. 67, 126: = málsgrein, Skálda 170: a proverb, saying, Fms. ii. 33, Fas. iii. 104, Stj. 133, passim. málshátta-safn, n. a collection of proverbs. mála-hlutr or máls-hlutr or -hluti, a, m. one side of a case or suit eiga enn þyngra málahlut, Ísl. ii. 172; þá ferr ílla m. várr ( our case), Lv. 95: a share, mun sá verða m. várr beztr, Nj. 88; nú kann vera, at ek kunna ekki at sjá málahlut til handa mér, en vilja munda ek halda sæmd minni, Sturl. i. 105. mála-kosta, u, f. a complaint, pleading in a case, Sturl. i. 613, H. E. i. 457. mála-leitan, f. a negotiation, the mooting a question, Eg. 521, Eb. 130, Fms. vii. 299, Orkn. 56. mála-lenging, f. useless prolongation. mála-lok, n. pl. the end of a case, conclusion, Eb. 106, Nj. 102, Bs. i. 68. mála-lyktir, f. pl. = málalok, Eb. 24, 36, Nj. 88, Fms. vii. 14. máls-löstr, m. bad grammar, Skálda 181. mála-maðr, m. = málafylgju-maðr, Dropl. 6, Ld. 298, Boll. 354. mála-mannligt, n. adj. like, worthy of a málamaðr, Bs. i. 751. máls-metandi, part., m. maðr, a person of mark. mála-mynd, f.; til málamyndar, only for appearance, not seriously. máls-orð, n. a word in a sentence, Edda 124, 126, 128. máls-partr, m. a part of speech, Skálda 185: a part in a suit, mod. máls-rödd, f. = málrómr, Stj. 81. mála-skil, n. pl. knowledge of proceeding. Sturl. iii. 10. mála-skot, n. an appeal in a case, K. Á. 218. mála-sóku, f. a lawsuit, prosecution, Nj. 248. máls-spell, n. a flaw in a suit, Nj. 170, Fms. x. 12. mála-sönnun, f. evidence, Mar. mála-tilbúningr or mála-tilbúnaðr, m. the preparation of a suit, Grág. i. 490, Eb. 282, Nj. 36, 100. mála-tilleitan, f. = málaleitan, Þórð. 67. mála-vöxtr, m. the state of a case, Fms. vi. 11, Al. 113, Bs. i. 67, Nj. 79. máls-þörf, f. a wish to speak, Fms. vi. 374.
    2.
    n. [Ulf. mêl = χρόνος, καιρός; A. S. mâl; Engl. meal; Germ. mahl; Dan. and Swed. maal, mâl = a mark]:—a measure: hann mælti grundvöll undir húss, þat var þeirra átrúnaðr ef málit gengi saman, þá er optarr væri reynt, at þess manns ráð mundi saman ganga, ef mál-vöndrinn þyrri, en þróask ef hann vissi til mikilleiks, gékk nú málit saman ok var þrem sinnum reynt, Korm. 8; fimm álna er hátt mál hans, Fms. vi. 929; ganga undir mál, to undergo a mál (for measuring one’s height); þat sögðu menn at þeir hefði jafnmiklir menn verit, þá er þeir gengu undir mál, Ld. 178; leggja, bera mál við, to measure; hann lagði mál við öll in stærstu tré, 216; með því sama máli sem þér mælit út mun yðr verða aptr mælt, Mar.; bar hón mál á, ok þurfti þá þrjár álnar ok þver hönd, Bs. ii. 168; kunna maga mál, to know the measure of one’s stomach, Hm. 20.
    2. a length of sixteen fathoms, D. N. (Fr.)
    B. Temp. [Ulf. mêl = χρόνος, καιρός], a ‘meal,’ of time, i. e. a certain portion of time:
    I. time, high time; skipverjum þótti mál ór hafi, Landn. 206: with infin., Vsp. 14, Hm. 111, Skm. 10, Bm. 1; mönnum væri mál at lýsa sökum sínum, Nj. 149; at mál væri at ganga at sofa, Fms. ii. 138; mælti biskup at mál væri at sofa, 139; sagði mál at ríða, Orkn. 48: adding a dat., mál er mér at ríða, Hkv. 2. 47: ok er mál at vit farim, Fær. 255; mál er at leita at hestum várum, Korm. 182; ok er allt mál at ættvíg þessi takisk af, Ld. 258; ok er nú mál at hætta, Fms. vi. 212: e-m er mál (of stools):—í mál, in due time; þóat í mál yrði borinn kviðrinn, Grág. i. 54.
    2. the moment, nick of time (mál, q. v.); at hann var þar þá nótt, ok á því máli …, of an alibi, N. G. L. i. 309.
    II. the meal-time, morning and evening, Edda 103; hence of cattle, missa máls, to miss the time, sheep lost or astray for a day so that they cannot be milked, Grág. ii. 230, 231; kvikfénaðr missir máls, Snót; hence málnyta. q. v.; deila mat at málum, to deal out meat at each meal, Grág. i. 149; í hvert mál, Hm. 36; í eitt mál, for one single ‘meal,’ Karl. 347, Grág. i. 293; fæða þá í tvau mál, ii. 400; í bæði mál (see i B, p. 317): at því máli = Germ. diesmahl, Korm. (in a verse); þat er ok mitt ráð þó þat sé at fyrra máli at menn snæði nokkut, Fb. ii. 676; þat vilda ek at þær æti at einu máli kýr Hálfdanar bróður míns, Ó. H. 64; ef ættak at málungi mat, if I had meat from meal to meal, Hm.
    2. of the day marks; dag-mál = day-meal = 9 o’clock A. M.; and nátt-mál, night-time = 9 o’clock P. M.; í fyrra málið, to-morrow morning; eg skal koma í fyrra málið.
    III. of the seasons of the year; í misseri eru mál tvau, í máli eru mánuðr þrír, Rb. 6; mál ok misseri, Hm.; sumar-mál, the time when summer sets in (middle of April), opp. to vetr-nætr, when winter sets in; hríð-mál. q. v.
    COMPDS: málamatr, málamjólk, málsverðr.
    3.
    n. [Ulf. mêl = γραφή and γράμμα; Hel. mâl = imago, effigies; cp. also Goth. maljan = γράφειν, whence mod. Germ. mahlerei, mahlen, = pingere]:—prop. ‘a drawing,’ but it is used in old writers only of inlaid ornaments on spear’s heads or on the hilts and guards of swords; görir Þorgrímr þar af spjót, mál vóru í, Gísl. 18; hann hafði króka-spjót í hendi haugtekit ok allgóð mál í, Ld. 78; spjót, þá fann hann blóð í málunum, Glúm. 344; stál bjartra mála, Korm. 1; gull-mál (q. v.), Þiðr. 110; stála-mál, inlaid work of steel, Ht. R. 33. For specimens of ‘mál’ see Worsaae, Nos. 325, 331; a plate with inlaid work on the outside and a Runic inscription on the inside was found in Oct. 1870 in the cairn Greenmount in Ireland, and is described by Major-General Lefroy.
    COMPDS: málajárn, málasax, málaspjót, málasteinn.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MÁL

  • 18 Protestants

       As long as the Portuguese Inquisition was active, few non-Catholics resided in the country. Any person discovered to be a Protestant—and possession of a Bible was a certain sign—could be arrested, jailed, and threatened with execution by the Inquisition, especially before 1760. After the extinction of the Inquisition by 1821, a few Protestant missions arrived during the 1840s and 1850s. Evangelical Christian missionaries became active, especially British Protestants who came to travel or reside in, as well as to distribute bibles to Portugal. These included the celebrated British writer, traveler, and missionary, George Borrow, whose book The Bible in Spain in the mid-19th century became a classic.
       Even after the Inquisition ceased operations, restrictions on non-Catholics remained. Despite the small number of initial converts, there were active denominations in the 19th century among the Plymouth Brethren, Scotch Presbyterians, Methodists, and Anglicans. Some Protestant missions were founded in Portugal, as well as in her African colonies in the 1870s and 1880s. Among the legal restrictions against Protestants and other non-Catholics were those on building edifices that physically resembled churches, limits on property-owning and hours of worship, laws that prevented non-Catholic organizations from legal recognition by the government, discrimination against Protestant denominations with pacifist convictions, and discrimination against Protestants in conscription (the draft) selection. In the 1950s and 1960s, the middle to late years of the Estado Novo regime, small groups of Pentecostals, Mormons, and Jehovah's Witnesses settled in Portugal, and the numbers of their congregations grew more rapidly than those of earlier arrivals, but traditional restrictions against freedom of worship continued.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and the 1976 Constitution, such restrictions against Protestant worship and residence ended. Protestant churches were now recognized as legal entities with the right to assemble and to worship. During the period when military conscription was in force, that is, up to 2004, those Protestants who were conscientious objectors could apply for alternative military service. Protestant missionary activity, nevertheless, continued to experience resistance from the Catholic Church. In recent decades, there has been a rapid growth among the Protestant communities, although their expansion in Portugal does not equal the growth in Protestant numbers found in Brazil and Angola. By the early 1990s, the number of Protestants was estimated to be between 50,000 and 60,000 persons, but by 2008 this figure had more than doubled. The number still remained at only 2 percent of the population with religious affiliation.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Protestants

  • 19 Trade

       Owing to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, England ( Great Britain after 1707) was, until the 1920s, Portugal's main trading partner. The Methuen Treaty (1703) stipulated that Portuguese wines and English woolens would be exempt from custom duties. The imperial nationalist economic ideas of the Estado Novo directed Portuguese trade toward its Africa colonies of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. The historical importance of the British export market to Portuguese trade necessitated Portugal becoming a charter member of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) in 1959.
       When Britain joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973, Portugal had to follow, with a trade agreement with the European Union (EU). Negotiations between Portugal and the EU produced an accord that stipulated mutual tariff reductions, until their disappearance in mid-1977 on industrial products, while EU member states were allowed to restrict some Portuguese textiles and paper and cork products. Tariffs were also reduced for Portuguese tinned tomatoes and fish, as well as for port wine. Since gaining full membership in the EU in 1986. Portugal's trade has shifted strongly toward continental EU member states. In the 1990s, EEC/EU member states purchased nearly 75 percent of Portugal's exports and supplied nearly 70 percent of its imports. Within the EEC/EU, Britain, Germany, France, and Spain are Portugal's a main trading partners. Portuguese trade with its former colonies fell sharply after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, as Portugal turned away from Africa and toward Europe.
       In 2007, Portugal's major commodity exports have been textiles, clothing, footwear, machinery, transportation equipment, paper and cork products, wine, tomato paste, chemicals, and plastic products. Portugal's comparative advantage lies in its low hourly costs for skilled labor, which are about 20 percent lower than other EU member states. Manufactured goods account for about 75 percent of merchandise imports; food and beverages about 10 percent; and raw materials (mainly petroleum) about 15 percent.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Trade

  • 20 Durão Barroso, José Manuel

    (1952-)
       Academic, scholar, and politician who rose to prominence after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Trained as an academic in the field of political science and law, Durão Barroso received a master's degree in political science at a Swiss university in the 1980s and continued to a doctorate in Portugal. For some years, he taught political science at the University of Geneva. A student of Portuguese government and politics, he entered academic life in Lisbon at various universities, including the Faculty of Law, University of Lisbon, and spent terms abroad as a visiting political science professor at Georgetown University in the United States.
       A leading member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) after 1993, he was minister of foreign affairs in the Cavaco Silva government in the mid-1990s. When Marcello Rebelo de Sousa withdrew from politics in 1999, Durão Barroso was elected in his place as chief of the PSD; he led the party in the October 1999 elections, won by the Socialist Party (PS) under Guterres. The defeat of the PSD in this election, whose final results were closer than predicted, cast a shadow on the leadership position of Durão Barroso, whose brittle style and manner of public speaking aroused controversy. The position of the PSD, however, still retained some strength; the results of the October 1999 elections were disappointing to the PS, which expected to win an overall majority in the Assembly of the Republic. Instead, the PS fell one seat short. The electoral results in seats were PS (115) to PSD (81). As the PS's hold on the electorate weakened during 2001, and the party was defeated in municipal elections in December 2001, the PSD's leader came into his own as party chief.
       In the parliamentary elections of 17 March 2002, the PSD won the largest number of seats, and Durão Barroso was appointed prime minister. To have a majority, he governed in coalition with the Popular Party (PP), formerly known as the Christian Democratic Party (CDS). Durão Barroso reduced government spending, which affected the budgets of local governments and civil service recruitment. These measures, as well as plans to accelerate privatization and introduce labor reforms, resulted in a public-sector worker's strike in November 2002, the first such strike in 10 years. Durão Barroso decided to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a freeze on the wages of employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than 50 percent of the workforce.
       In 2004, he became president of the Commission, European Union (EU). He took up the office on 23 November 2004, and Pedro Santana Lopes, then the PSD mayor of Lisbon, became prime minister. Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Durão Barroso, José Manuel

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